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What is the hashing algorithm called used in Bitcoin?
Secure Hash Algorithm 256 bit, AKA SHA-256 -
Why is this hashing algorithm really hard (almost impossible) to brute-force?
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ONE WAY FUNCTION, meaning the data can be translated only one way, so if you get hash, you cant get that hash output and get data what was known as input.
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CALLISION RESISTANCE, meaning-makes completely different output even if there was tinny, smallest change in input.
COPITUTION DIFFICULTY- It takes to much computing power to make any sense to even try to “guess” the answer. BRUTE-FORCE attack is when you try to guess and match the answer, for example passwords. If you have password of 8 diggits than in BTC hash algorithm you must have power to “try” 256 digit value times 2, witch makes it nearly impossible and even the computing power goes up than:
ADAPTIVE DIFFICULTY makes it expencionaly harder.