Explain with your own words, why these are the benefits of using a blockchain.
- Transparency:
Blockchain is a distributed ledger, so the same data is shared across a vast network of nodes rather than there being a single source of data or central authority - the data is visible to every node and can only be changed by consensus. Although a transaction record cannot be changed once written to the ledger, making a false entry would require the collusion of the entire network. Even in the event of such collusion, the protocols would require the whole history of transactions in the ledger to be rewritten in order to accommodate the false entry, the cost of which would be prohibitive.
- Security:
The same attributes that make blockchain transparent also make it secure. The distributed ledger is visible to all nodes and can only be updated by consensus. Transactions must be agreed upon before being written to the ledger where they are encrypted and linked to previous and subsequent transactions. This linking of transactions to form a verification chain not only provides an audit trail, it also means that for a transaction to be modified, every linked transaction in the chain would also have to be modified. This and the fact that the data is stored across a widely dispersed and highly redundant network of nodes means there is no single point of failure that a hacker can target.
- Improved traceability:
The audit trail provided by the cryptographic linking of transactions not only ensures the authenticity of each transaction, it also allows all changes to the ledger to be viewed in real time and for each ledger entry to be traced back to the beginning of the chain.
This is particularly important for verifying the provenance of products or assets that are traded through a complex supply chain. The blockchain allows each item in the supply chain to be traced back to its origin and to be tracked at every stage of its onward journey.
- Increased efficiency and speed:
Traditional methods of exchange can be time-consuming, prone to human error and often require intermediaries to enable the exchange and third-party mediation when something goes wrong. Having a single, immutable, distributed ledger on a digital network that is accessible to and shared by all participants means transactions are trustless, near-instantaneous and peer-to-peer (i.e. do not require intermediaries). The automated verification and real-time auditing also means you do not need to maintain, compare, and reconcile multiple ledgers. Hence clearing and settlement are much quicker, which improves the speed and efficiency of value exchange.
- Reduced cost:
The same factors that improve speed and efficiency also reduce costs. For example, there are no intermediaries to pay because the blockchain protocol automatically provides verification and approval. It is also cheaper for all participants to access a single distributed ledger than it is to need multiple siloed ledgers to complete a trade.