Blockchain technology virtually eliminates the need for trust. Many of our current financial and peer to peer systems rely on trust with a separate party to function. Merchants rely on VISA to confirm a transaction, for example.
A blockchain is a data structure housed on a decentralized system of nodes (i.e., computers) that publicly contains transactional ledgers. This chain of records, or blocks, are controlled by no single entity.
This type of digital infrastructure creates five key features:
Transparency: A blockchain displays all transactions publicly (or to all parties involved). The ledger is distributed throughout the network, meaning no one entity can manipulate the data. This transparency level allows trust to be established throughout the system and makes sure that the data they’re using is accurate.
Security: Consensus achieves security. When users enter data into the blockchain, the data is only accepted once 51% of the network automatically confirms the transaction. Once verified, users cannot edit or remove the data. Because of its decentralized nature, it is much more difficult for hackers to compromise the system than a centralized one. If one node goes down (VISA), the whole system does. If one node goes down in blockchain, the system remains.
Improved Traceability: Because the ledger is publicly visible, parties can view all transactions’ origins in the system. In other industries, this structure could trace other assets, such as product ingredients.
Increased Efficiency and Reduced Cost: This system eliminates the need for intermediaries to validate the transactions, thus reducing time and cost compared to centralized systems. Because blockchain is a system ruled by math more so than people, blockchain reduces the need for fees, and its automation increases traditional transactions’ speed.