Homework: Relay chain, Parachains and Parathreads

Polkadot 101
#81

  1. Parachains are customized blockchains that have a specific project similarly to how dapps exist on a blockchain. Paratheread are a way for blockchains to temporarily participate in the polkadot ecosystem without taking up a parachain slot.

  2. A relay chain is the fundamental structure in polkadot that allows communication between parachains and parathreads. They keep the parachains interconnected to supply both security and interoperability amongst the parachains.

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#82

1.- Parathreads are parachains that connect to Polkadot using a pay-per-use model instead of renting a parachain slot. … Blockchains on Polkadot can switch between being parachains and parathreads depending on their needs and the availability of parachain slots on the Relay Chain.

2.- The Relay Chain is the central chain of Polkadot. All Polkadot validators are stationed on the Relay Chain at DOT and validate for the Relay Chain. The Relay Chain is composed of a relatively small number of transaction types including ways to interact with the governance mechanism, parachain auctions, and participation in NPoS.
Parathreads and parachains have exactly the same API; their difference is economic. Parachains will have to reserve DOTs for the duration of their space lease; parathreads will pay per block. Parathreads can become parachains, and vice versa.

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#83

1. What are Parachains and what are Parathreads?
Parachains are dedicated chain per specific service or application that required to be up and available all the time and been validated by the relay chain. They can be costumed according to the project requirement.
Parathreads can be ‘rented’ when a parachain have unused resources, the users of the parathread can participate in the security of the network.

How I explained it to my dad who’s not tech man :sweat_smile: :
Basically is like carpool, if you have extra sits in the car, and the additional wight will not effect your performance drastically, you can rent your car sits temporarily as a commute to someone that would like to get to work and do not own a car. that will provide you with some cover of the drive expense.

2. What is a Relay chain and how do Parachains/Parathreads relate to the Relay chain?
Relay chain is the main protocol\hub chain that on top of it all the governance mechanism, auctions, verification of parachains and stacking of DOT. therefor it should be ‘light’ chain that doesn’t run complex transactions.

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#84

1/ They are subscription models for execution slots on the Polkadot blockchain.
Parachains have a dedicated slot for their chain and are like a process that runs constantly. Parathreads share slots amongst the groups.
2/Parachains and Parathreads connect to the Relay Chain which is the heart of Polkadot

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#85

  1. What are Parachains and what are Parathreads?
    parachains are application specific data structure that is globally coherent and validatable by the validators of the relaychain.
    Parathreads are chains that would not be able to acquire a full chain slot, are enabled to participate in polkadots shared security. are ideas for parachains to temporary participate in polkadot security.

  2. What is a Relay chain and how do Parachains/Parathreads relate to the Relay chain?
    Relay chains connects all blockchains on polkadot. parachains and parathreads have a secured communication through Relay chain. And are able to process transactions at the same time in the network by Relay chain.

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#86

[quote=“Alko89, post:1, topic:37441”]

  • What are Parachains and what are Parathreads?
    Parachains are custom, project-specific blockchains that are integrated within the Polkadot (DOT) and Kusama (KSM) networks. Parachains can be customized for any number of use cases and feed into the main blockchain, called the Relay Chain, considered to be the heart of the Polkadot and Kusama networks.
    Parathreads
    Parathreads are an idea for parachains to temporarily participate (on a block by block basis) in Polkadot security without needing to lease a dedicated parachain slot. This is done through economically sharing the scarce resource of a parachain slot among a number of competing resources (parathreads). Chains that otherwise would not be able to acquire a full parachain slot, or do not find it economically sensible to do so, are enabled to participate in Polkadot’s shared security — albeit with an associated fee per executed block. It also offers a graceful off-ramp to parachains that no longer require a dedicated parachain slot, but would like to continue using the Relay Chain. source polka wiki

  • What is a Relay chain and how do Parachains/Parathreads relate to the Relay chain?
    The Relay Chain is the central chain of Polkadot. All validators of Polkadot are staked on the Relay Chain in DOT and validate for the Relay Chain. The Relay Chain is composed of a relatively small number of transaction types that include ways to interact with the governance mechanism, parachain auctions, and participating in NPoS. The Relay Chain has deliberately minimal functionality - for instance, smart contracts are not supported. The main responsibility is to coordinate the system as a whole, including parachains. Other specific work is delegated to the parachains, which have differing implementations and features. Polkadot allots these slots using two subscription models: parachains and parathreads. Parachains have a dedicated slot (core) for their chain and are like a process that runs constantly. Parathreads share slots amongst a group, and are thus more like processes that need to be woken up and run less frequently
    souce: polkawiki

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#87

A Parachain is a slot in the polkadot framework that is leased out by a specific blockchain with a unique purpose, there is a cost to owning a parachain and ownership is auctioned to the highest bidders
Parathreads are transaction on the poldadot network that can run independantly, they use the same API as a parachain but are paid for per transaction/block

The relaychain is what binds all the parachains and parathreads together allowing the various blockchains to communicate and transact with each other.

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#88

Parathreads are also their own blockchains without a dedicated parachain slot. :slight_smile:

#89
  1. What are Parachains and what are Parathreads?

The Relay chain supports a number of execution slots. Each slot will run one of two subscription models – Parachains or Parathreads.

A parachain is present when an application-specific data structure leases a dedicated slot of the Relay chain for a particular length of time. For the duration of the slot lease, the parachain runs parallel to the Relay chain which enables it to parallelize transaction processing. A parachain is maintained by collators whose tasks (in this context) are to run a full-node on the parachain, collect and aggregate transactions from users into parachain block candidates and pass these block candidates to validators on the Relay chain.

A parathread is present when a specific slot of the Relay chain is not leased and used by a single parachain but instead it is shared by a group of parachains. The slot is shared on a per-block basis, meaning that each parachain can purchase a block candidate in an auction and the auction winner gets to create the next block candidate. A parathread includes the same benefits, functionalities and maintenance (collators) as in the case of a full parachain slot.

The main difference between a full parachain slot and a parathread slot can be boiled down to economics and data throughput. For a full parachain slot you have to pay a lease but you can use it 24/7, which makes it more feasible for applications with a constantly large number of transactions. Being a member of a group that shares a parathread is more suitable if you cannot pay for a full parachain slot and/or if your application does not constantly generate a large number of transactions (i.e. there is no need for a full parachain slot). With a parathread, you basically pay as you go but you also compete with other applications for generating the next block candidate of this slot.

  1. What is a Relay Chain and how do Parachains/Parathreads relate to the Relay Chain?

The Relay chain is the heart of Polkadot and is responsible for the network’s security, consensus and cross-chain interoperability – the main responsibility is to coordinate the Polkadot system as a whole (including parachains). It hosts the execution slots that can be used as parachains, parathreads or bridges, which represents the infrastructure to create an “internet” of blockchains as it allows the different chains/applications to conduct cross-chain transactions via the Relay chain. All validators of the Polkadot system are staked on the Relay chain. Validators validate the block candidates that come in from parachains and parathreads and thus play a crucial role in adding new blocks to the Relay chain and the parachains/parathreads, which makes validators and the Relay chain so important for network security and secure cross-chain communication.

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#90
  1. Parachains and Parathreas are both ways to support new blockchains into the Polkadot Ecosystem. They are like the layer 1 of the Polkadot Ecosystem. Both Parachain and Parathreads have the same functionality, the main difference is in their economics.

2.The Relay Chain is the layer 0, the heart of the Polkadot Ecosystem handling the security, interoperability and consensus of the ecosystem.

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#91
  1. What are Parachains and what are Parathreads?

Parachains are dedicated per specific service or application that is required to be available all the time and been validated by the relay team. They can participate in a security network, also be rented if gone unused, can also be customized to the project requirement.

  1. What is a Relay chain and how do Parachains/Parathreads relate to the Relay chain?

Relay Chain is the main governance mechanism that verifies the parachains and parathreads.

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#92

1 -What are Parachains and what are Parathreads?

Parachains and Parathreads are sovereign blockchains that optimize their functionality for specific use case in the Polkadot ecosystem.

  1. What is a Relay chain and how do Parachains/Parathreads relate to the Relay chain?

A Relay Chain is the heart of the Polkadot ecosystem that is providing network security, consensus and cross chain interoperability.
A Parachain to connect to the Relay Chain is leasing a dedicated slot for continuous connectivity while a Parathread is paying on a block per block basis.

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#93

  1. Parachains are subscription models for projects to connect as collators to parachains to validators and to the relay chain. They run constantly and have both funding and security benefits from the relaychain.
    Parathreads are temporary subscription models for projects which cant afford the same DOT stake to get a relay chain slot via validators. The parathreads run less frequently but share the same security as parachains.

  2. The relay chain is the interoperable, forkless upgradable chain to which all parachains and parathreads are connected. The relaying mechanism is as follows: Collators --> Parachains/Parathreads --> Validators --> Relay Chain.

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#94
  1. They are two different subscription models for the connection to the polkadot blockchain that vary on the needs of tx processing of the project where if it is constant needs a slot like a parachain where it has it´s own data structure and validators cohesively checking. Where in the case of variable demand in time for this projects it exist the subscription model of parathreads where it shares in a bundle of many small projects.
  2. It is the main polkadot chain and shares security by distribution and transparency by tokenization makin it the rulemaker in state process of information in the blockchain
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#95
  1. Both Parachains and Parathreads are Polkadot side chain while Parathreads are temporary side chain share amongst group.
  2. Relay chain are the center chain, parachains and parathreads connected to this center chain. Parathreads and Parachains shared security of Relaychain
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#96
  1. Parchains run in parallel to the Polkadot blockchain. They allow for multiple transactions to be validated without clogging up the main chain. Parachains require a permanent slot on the Polkadot ecosystem whereas Parathreads do not need a permanent slot and can pay on a per block basis.
  2. The relay chain is the central chain of Polkadot which provides the security and verification of the ecosystem. Parachains and Parathreads connect to the main relay chain and run transactions separately while still being able to share in the security of the network.
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#97

Blockchains that run parallel in P-dot. Running parallel allows for scalability, more transactions, and inter-operability without bogging down. Para chains have a dedicated slot, whereas para threads can combine and share with others on a temporary basis, pay-as-you-go… Threads maintain the same benefits in the P-dot relay system as chains. Chains can be threads, and visa-a-versa.

The relay chain is the underlying blockchain that provides connectivity for chains and threads

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#98

  1. They both have the same API. Their differences are economic.
    Parachains reserve number of thoughts for duration of their slot lease while Parathreads pay on block per block basis.
    Parachains can become Parathreads and vice versa.

  2. The Relay Chain is the central chain of Polkadot which connects the parachains together. Parachains and Parathreads use collators and relay their info to the main chain via validators.
    It allows those blockchains to run in parallel and provides secure communication between chains.

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#99

1 -What are Parachains and what are Parathreads?

While polkadot can be considered as a zero layer employing heterogeneous sharding within its nodes unlike ETH 2.O which it uses uniform homogeneous sharding at all its nodes. This allows a certain variability in the state transition operated by the validators while fragmenting the risk of attacks targeted at a node responding to a specific type of data of the network. Polkadot is like an unspecified cell mainly ensuring the security of its own network and therefore the parachain or parallel chain thanks to the validators. Polkadot is above all an unspecified layer 0 which allows it to ensure more specifically the security of the network like that of the parachain.

A parachain is a parallel chain, any parachain acts as layer 1, ETH is a layer 1 having its own specificity which is that of the recursion of the function call allowing smart contracts.

A parachain is initially an independent layer 1 blockchain and which generally will use the infrastructural framework offered by the substrate; i.e. the modular framework allowing you to create your own blockchain. Normally all clean blockchains are supposed to comply with the economic consensus of crowdloans which only integrate blockchains using the backbone of the substrate.

A parachain is also linked to an economic ecosystem specific to polkadot, in the sense or during crowdloan according to the algorithmic principle of candle auction. Once the winner has been determined, it will have to pledge polkadot for a two-year rental lease or it will benefit from the security of the network.

Parathreds are community suitors or a set of several blockchains, and who: either do not have enough funds to participate in crowdloans or simply do not want to commit over a period of two years but still want a flat-rate rental payment by block for the protection conferred by the relay chain.

However, a non-substrate blockchain such as ETH could be included in parachain if a slot was previously reserved for it by a governance agreement or even access a

2 - What is a Relay chain and how do Parachains / Parathreads relate to the Relay chain?

The relay chain is, as its name suggests, a relay chain making it possible to secure the network and to pass it on to parachains and parathreads against allocation vested or by block for the second case. It is above all a chain allowing interopability thanks to the future development of the “messaging language” XCMP so that the relay chain and all the parachains (chain pluguer to the relay chain) can communicate with each other and towards the relay chain and vice versa. so that the relay chain can communicate with all the other parachains together or independently. XCMP if it achieves its goal could become a standard for polkadot as is the ERC20 standard for ethereum. XCMP is a bit like polkadot’s SWIFT system.

Polkadot is POS or NPOS which means that nominators delegate their DOT tokens to validators to secure the network with a reward grace that must be deducted from monetary inflation of 8 percent. For the parachain and the parathreds, they are the collators who have the responsibility of creating the blocks and integrating the transactions operated by the parachain concerned, they maintain the parachain’s network, therefore the state transition function of the latter. This he relates to Relay Chain validators who themselves validate the effective transition and accredit the state transition and therefore the security of the network.

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#100

:one: A Parachain is a subset of the main Polkadot Relay Chain which can be used as a slot to make executions which are application-specific. Validators of the Relay chain act as validators for the parachain, and therefore in return a parachain must hold a certain number of DOT tokens to stay connected and validated by the relay chain.

While parachains are secured by relay chain validators, they are their own sovereign chain with their own use case, and typically have their own token. The holding of DOT tokens however, means they can continue to be secured by validators.

A Parathread is very similar to a parachain, however it is more suited to short-term interactions in the Polkadot network, and is therefore charged as such.
Parathreads have a ‘pay-as-you-go’ system whereby they can interact with and be secured by the Polkadot network.

The Polkadot site suggests this is more ‘economical’ for blockchains that don’t require continuous connection to the Polkadot network.

It’s important to note that Parachains and Parathreads share the same API, and that both can become one another if need be.

Sometimes a parathread gains traction or creates unexpected emergent properties which require further long-term connection to the network, and therefore would be better suited to becoming a parachain.

Conversely, a parachain which has lost much of it’s steam or is barely required to stay as part of the Polkadot network can become a parathread at any time. It is worth noting that during the time they continue to as a parathread, they will be required to pay DOT tokens for the periodic validation.

:two: The Relay chain is the core of the Polkadot network. Individual blockchains may attach themselves to the relay chain (as parachains or parathreads), but it is the relay chain that provides the validation and security for each of these chains.

The relay chain provides the validators and interconnectivity between each of the parachains/parathreads, and allows for bridges to exist to each of the parachains.

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