1. What is a mempool?
When a wallet creates a transaction, it broadcasts it to the bitcoin network. Since this transaction is unconfirmed the nodes collect it and all other unconfirmed transactions being broadcast and wait for a Miner to confirm them add the transaction to the blockchain. In other words, a mempool is a list of unconfirmed transactions held by nodes.
2. What happens if the miners can’t keep up with the rate of the new transaction?
The size of the mempool will grow and it will take longer to confirm transactions and thereby add the transaction to the Blockchain.
3. How does a growing mempool effect transaction fees?
The cost of each bitcoin transaction fee increases.