Homework on EVM

[Bulmers]

1] EVM is a stack-based Virtual Machine which allows code to be run on the network
2] Bytcode
3] Solidarity is the programming language which is compiled into Bytecode
4] Bitcoin is not Turing Complte
5] A program that can be written to solved any (in theory) computational problem

[phil8D]

1. EVM is the go between virtual network that sits between your computer and the smart contracts and runs on all Ethereum nods
2. Bytecode
3. Code gets written in Solidity then runs thoruh a compler and generates Bytecode
4. Its it programming is not Turing Complete
5. A language where it is theoretically possible to program any functionality

[CryptoGrabit]

@filip

Homework on EVM - Questions (Updated on Dec 3 2019)

1. What does the EVM do?
2. What is the format of the instructions that the EVM can read?
3. What is the relationship between the programming language Solidity and Bytecode?
4. Why can’t Bitcoin run the same type of complex programs like Ethereum can?
5. What is a Turing Complete programming language?

1. The EVM reads and executes the instructions of the smart contracts and then instructing the CPU to execute them.

2. Bytecode is the format of the instructions the EVM can read.

3. The relationship between Solidity and Bytecode is the compiler (which compile the instructions ( or codes in another words) to Bytecode.

4. Bitcoin can’t run the same type of complex programs like Ethereum because bitcoin is limited by his programming language (Script) which is not turing complete.

5. Turing Complete programming language is a language which you can program anything with it and solve and computation problem.

[bktv]

1. The EVM executes or runs smart contract code, and also acts as kind of safe code sandbox for the network.

2. The EVM reads byte code which is a compiled version of solidity.

3. Solidity is run through a compiler to generate the machine language called byte code to be run in EVM.

4. BTC is does NOT use a turing complete scripting language, which means that it has limited programmable functionality, mostly related to signing capability. ETH is based on a turing complete scripting language which increases programmability.

5. A programming language is said to be Turing Complete if it can simulate a single taped turing machine.
   It requires, 1) A form of conditional repetition or loop. 2) A way to read and write to some storage mechanism.

[BAAL]

1. What does the EVM do?
   Etherium Virtual Machine - Smart Contract intermediary that compiles the smart contract data into Bytecode (via Viper) which can be understood by majority of cpu’s.

2. What is the format of the instructions that the EVM can read?
   EVM uses Viper to compile the Solidity smart contract data into Bytecode.

3. What is the relationship between the programming language Solidity and Bytecode?
   Solidity is used to create smart contracts, compiled by Viper into Bytecode to be used in the EVM.

4. Why can’t Bitcoin run the same type of complex programs like Ethereum can?
   BTC runs on Script which is not Turing Complete, this helps prevent spam and keeps the network size manageable.

5. What is a Turing Complete programming language?
   A language that allows for Looping instructions.

[Jake]

1 - EVM converts the smart contract from the node into byte code.
2 - EVM reads bytecode
3 - Solidity is the language programmers use to create smart contracts and bytecode is the smart contract compiled to be read on the EVM
4 - Bitcoin cannot run such applications because the language used for bitcoin is not Turing Complete.
5 - A Turing Complete language allows a programmer to do anything and is not restricted in the functionality of the language.

[ivo]

1. EVM tells the cpu what functions to execute from the smart contract.
2. bite code
3. There is so called compiler who translate whatever you write on solidity to bite code.
4. It’s not made to run programs it is made to be digital gold.
5. Turing complete programming language is a type of language you can write and do whatever you want, it has loops that can tell software to repeat function many times.

[Dusan]

1. What does the EVM do?
   Executes smart contract code with consensus “comparing” what result should be. EVM also ensures security of the computer where smart contracts are running (encapsulate the code).
2. What is the format of the instructions that the EVM can read?
   Byte code.
3. What is the relationship between the programming language Solidity and Bytecode?
   Solidity is smart contract programing language (human readable) which is compiled to byte code. Byte code is readable and executable by EVM.
4. Why can’t Bitcoin run the same type of complex programs like Ethereum can?
   Bitcoin’s script is very simple programming language without loops (instructions repeats).
5. What is a Turing Complete programming language?
   Language which can solve solve any computation problem.

[andersbraath1]

1. What does the EVM do?
   Ethereum Virtual Machine is installed on every node on the ETH network. It reads and executes smart contracts and guard against CPU attacks.

2. What is the format of the instructions that the EVM can read?
   EVM can read the smart contract but not interact directly with the CPU on the network

3. What is the relationship between the programming language Solidity and Bytecode?
   Smart contracts on Ethereum are written in Solidity code. The code gets executed command by command and interpreted by Bytecode.

4. Why can’t Bitcoin run the same type of complex programs like Ethereum can?
   Bitcoin is not turing complete.

5. What is a Turing Complete programming language?
   A programming language that you can build on top off. You can use loops and be more flexible.

[Fabrice]

@Sajuuk06

Question : i have heard of Sharding. Will the next EVM compute different shards at the same time ?

The purpose of sharding is that not every node needs to execute everything, but to group different types into different groups. So it can better scale. (but it also needs a main chain to anker Everthing together (beacon chain)

[Fabrice]

@andersbraath1

• What is the format of the instructions that the EVM can read?
  EVM can read the smart contract but not interact directly with the CPU on the network
• What is the relationship between the programming language Solidity and Bytecode?
  Smart contracts on Ethereum are written in Solidity code. The code gets executed command by command and interpreted by Bytecode.

So a human can program a smart contract In Solidity (human like language) and this code gets compiled to bytecode (wich the EVM understands)
Bytecode is closer to the language that computers actually understand.

[Fabrice]

@Blockchain4MiAm

Unfortanetly Bitcoin cannot run the same programs as Ethereum because the language that BTC uses, Script, is not Turing Complete. Script is a simple language with only a few programming features.

It’s not ‘unfortunately’!
There is a good reason for this. Bitcoin on the baselayer needs to be VERY secure with as less complexity as possible. You also have a very limited amount of blocksize. You can have more complexity on a side chain or something if you like. Ethereum doesn’t have utxo’s to worry about.
So transactions takes less space in the blockchain, so there is more room for smart contracts with lots of complexity.

[Fabrice]

@BAAL

What is the format of the instructions that the EVM can read?
EVM uses Viper to compile the Solidity smart contract data into Bytecode.

The EVM doesn’t use viper or Solidity to ‘compile’ . It can only read and execute bytecode. Humans program in Solidity or viper or any other human like programming language. If you want to deploy such smart contract on Ethereum, your node will first compile it to bytecode, wich is more of a machine language that the EVM can read and execute.

[Fabrice]

But segwit does not enable Turing complete languages. You can build this on bitcoin sidechains, but then you need lots of users and developers working on it. To program complex smart contracts, everyone is building on ethereum. Ethereum has a totally different use case and roadmap than Bitcoin.

[andersbraath1]

Thanks for clearing that up!

[EefjeMuller]

1. What does the EVM do?
   The “Ethereum Virtual Machine” is application that can read and run smart contracts. It is run on top of a node’s existing hardware and enables the execution of code on the network by indirectly using the node’s CPU. EVM reads the smart contract and then instructs computers CPU what to do. This extra layer in between adds protection for the CPU against malicious smart contracts.

2. What is the format of the instructions that the EVM can read?
   The EVM can only read Bytecode so a script in a programming language such as Solidity needs to be converted/compiled to EVM Bytecode before it can be executed.

3. What is the relationships between the programming language Solidity and Bytecode?
   Solidity is the programming language in which a smart contract can be written, this is then compiled into Bytecode by a compiler so it can be read by the EVM and run (via the EVM) on the node’s CPU.

4. Why can’t Bitcoin run the same type of complex programs like Ethereum can?
   Bitcoin’s programming language “script” is limited (it’s not Turing complete) and cannot handle all sorts of calculations.

5. What is a Turing complete programming language?
   It’s a languange that (in theory) can solve any computational problem given enough space and time. Because the possibilities are endless you can program anything you want in a Turing complete language.

[Cweed]

1. What does the EVM do?

The EVM reads smart contract instructions and then then outputs them to CPU’s on the Ethereum network so that the smart contract commands can be executed on the network.

2. What is the format of the instructions that the EVM can read?

EVM Bytecode

3. What is the relationship between the programming language Solidity and Bytecode?

Solidity acts as a compiler into bytecode. It takes the commands given in the solidity language and compiles them to the machine code level so that they can be read and executed by a CPU. Because of this, it’s possible to use other programming languages with the EVM.

4. Why can’t Bitcoin run the same type of complex programs like Ethereum can?

Because it is not Turing complete. Meaning there is no way to program loops into it’s code. It is not universally programmable. This was an intentional choice by the creators or BTC’s programming language in order to avoid spam on it’s network.

5. What is a Turing Complete programming language?

A Turning complete program language is one that can do anything that a Turing machine can do. This means that it has the ability to read and write a series of binary code to infinity. This means that it is powerful enough to compute anything given enough time and / or energy. It is universally programmable.

[Tayowulf]

1. The EVM or Ethereum Virtual Machine is the program the runs the smart contracts/code of Ethereum. It acts as a safety buffer between code and machine and works much like a web browser running online programs instead of natively but specifically for Ethereum.

2. The format of the instructions that the EVM can read is Byte Code. The EVM doesn’t specifically care what the programing language is that gets converted into byte code, though the language used is Solidity.

3. The relationship between Solidity and Byte code is this: Solidity is the programing language the coder uses, this is then converted into byte code for the EVM to utilise.

4. Bitcoin can’t run the same type of complex programs like Ethereum can because the programing language Bitcoin uses (Script) is not Turing complete, unlike the language Ethereum uses (Solidity).

5. A Turing complete programming language is a language that can solve complex mathematical equations. Effectively this means its limitations are confined to the users imagination/skill.

[Bob_Smith]

1/. The EVM reads the smart contract then sends them out to all cpu on the etherium network.

2/. The format of EMV is Bytecode.

3/. The relationship is that solidity is the programming language for smart contacts to be written and compiled into Bytecode.

4/. Bitcoin cannot run complex programs as is its limited by using script which has much more limited usage and is not Turing complete.

5/. Turing complete is a language that can possibly complete any computable programme if it had enough time and space to complete it. The possibilities are endless.

[DDanDonut]

@filip

• 1. What does the EVM do?
• 2. What is the format of the instructions that the EVM can read?
• 3. What is the relationship between the programming language Solidity and Bytecode?
• 4. Why can’t Bitcoin run the same type of complex programs like Ethereum can?
• 5. What is a Turing Complete programming language?

1. EVM (Ethereum Virtual Machine) is  a VM that runs on each Ethereum node and executes Bytecode (which has the instructions of smart contracts embedded within the code) 

2. An EVM can only read Bytecode.

3. Solidity is the language the cod is written at first but then it is compiled to Bytecode.

4. Because Bitcoin's programming language, script, is not turing complete but Ehereum was coded with that aspect in mind.

5. It is a programming language that can scale infinitely.