1. What does the EVM do?
The Ethereum virtual Machine is the connection between a smart contract and the CPU. It reads the Smart contract and transforms it into byte code which the CPU can then use. Therefore, the EVM tells the CPU what to do.
Further, it is a piece of code which runs on all Nodes in order to stabilize the network and can run and read smart contracts.
2. What is the format of the instructions that the EVM can read?
It’s called the solidity programming language (Sometimes: Viper).
3. What is the relationship between the programming language Solidity and Bytecode?
The EVM reads smart Contracts which are written in solidity and transforms these into the EVM Byte Code.
4. Why can’t Bitcoin run the same type of complex programs like Ethereum can?
Because Bitcoin is written in a programming language called „Script“ which is not touring complete. This means, that the language cannot solve every computing problem.
5. What is a Turing Complete programming language?
It is a language, which allows programmers to write whatever application or whatever somebody can think of in code. An example for this are Loops.