Web 1.0 is the first iteration of the internet, before Javascript. At this point the internet was pretty one way, and users couldn’t really contribute/ interact with sites in any significant way; as opposed to web 2.0 that allowed things such a social media, where public contribution can be 99% of the website’s content.
A smart contract is code on the Ethereum blockchain that triggers an action, based on rules set in the codee.
Transparency is achieved through the open nature of the blockchain where anybody can go view every transaction ever made (and cannot be changed).