https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uvFqEofdAZ0 I think this video from Anton best explains it
Some blockchains use PoS model which uses collateral to pick the validators that validate the block instead of miners.
Hashgraph is proprietary tech so I don’t know much about it. I think infrastructure technology and software protocols must be open so other people can improve and work on it. Developing a closed protocols will never work except in a small circle of people that will adopt it and will never achieve the scale of Bitcoin or Ethereum.