What is the general idea of a sybil attack?
A sybil attack is basically an attacker creating many different identities in order that the actor may gain control over the network. For example an actor could create hundreds of different social media accounts in order that they can than use those accounts to increase exposure to particular posts or pages.The cheaper and easier it is to create the accounts the easier it is to attack the network in this manner.
What deficiencies within a system such as a cryptocurrency network can allow a sybil attack to occur?
Within a blockchain network it can be very easy to create multiple wallets and this can make it very easy to attack a network in this manner. However many exchanges now require KYC verification and other forms of identity verification and also limit the number of accounts a user can gain staking benefits from. I am assuming this is done to prevent these type of attacks.
In the node environment one node can be surrounded by nodes controlled by one entity and thus the data going to and from that node can be corrupted. The best way to prevent this type of attack is to make sure you dont stay connected to one node for too long.