1 - What was a proposed alternative to Segwit?
Increase the block size from 1M to 2M.
2 - What did Segwit solve more than just the scaling issue?
It stopped the transaction mutability security threat.
3 - How is Segwit and the Lightning network connected?
The ligtning network application sits on top of the bitcoin network, which the segwit implementation assists to mitigate securty risks.
4 - Are people, wallets and other services forced to use Segwit?
No, a code modification was made allowing users to skip over an unrecognized command, thus giving users a choice.