Bitcoin uses the SHA-256 hashing algorithm.
This algorithm is practically impossible to brute force because the magnitude of the resources involved (time and computational power) is so astronomically large that is becomes economically infeasable to even attempt it. (ie, it takes way too damn long-many, many years perhaps, while utilizing much of the computing power on the planet, to make it worth anyones’ while to try and brute force the SHA-256 hashing algorithm.)