Programming is the act of constructing a program that makes a computer carry out specific actions through a set of precise instructions.
The complexity of programming is based on whether it is something simple like HTML which is just a markup language giving the computer a basic code to interpret or something more complex like JavaScript which commands the computer based on layers of variables and considerations (i.e. “if this, then that”).
Programming languages provide a more fluid, intuitive tool for computer interaction (as opposed to manually entering an enormous amount of bits in increasingly complex patterns), allowing expedient coding of complex tasks, easier readability, and efficiency through automation.
Java was a popular programming language around the time JavaScript was introduced, so the similarity in name had more to do with familiarity for marketing purposes.
ECMAScript is the standardized form of JavaScript that the ECMA international organization created after JavaScript expanded beyond the scope of the Netscape browser to make it universal in legibility for other browsers.