Homework on Stale Blocks

1: Two blocks are added to the blockchain causing two versions of the truth on the network. A subsequent block will attach to one version of the truth and whichever version of the truth now has the most proof of work will become the one true version of the blockchain.
2: A stale block would be the block that gets dropped from the version of the blockchain with the least proof of work.
3: Stale blocks occur when two miners solve a block at the same time and one block has to be dropped for the network to reach a consensus.
4: To minimise the chance that the block containing the transaction will be a stale block that is dropped.

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Q). What happens in the bitcoin network when two miners solve a block at the same time?
A). Bitcoin clients always trust the longest chain, so if two blocks is mined on the same time, it’s up to (51% of) the miners to decide which is going to be ‘accepted’ and which is going to be worthless/dropped.

Q). What is a stale block?
A).A stale block is a result of communication delays within the data transfers of computers across the world. It occurs when a block is mined but is later excluded from the “best” blockchain because they were immediately overridden by a longer chain. The Bitcoin blockchain works on the principle of “the longest chain always wins”.

Q).How do stale blocks occur?
A). Stale blocks occur when the blockchain forks, but another competing block at the same height ends up parenting the new longest chain.

Q). Why is it important to wait for more than one block to be confirmed when sending or receiving a transaction?
A). Roughly every ten minutes, a new block is created and added to the blockchain through the mining process. This block verifies and records any new transactions. The transactions are then said to have been confirmed by the Bitcoin network. For example, if Nils sends one bitcoin to Ivan, this transaction will remain “unconfirmed” until the next block is created. While some services are instant or only require one confirmation, many Bitcoin companies will require more as each confirmation greatly decreases the likelihood of a payment being reversed. It is common for six confirmations to be required which takes about an hour.

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  • What happens in the bitcoin network when two miners solve a block at the same time?
    Nothing, they just start propagating their own new version of the blockchain to the neighboring nodes. In fact, this situation happens a lot
  • What is a stale block?
    Its a block that’s validated by one miner, then he appends it to its new version of the blockchain, and then another version from the blockchain comes in, which has a higher PoW, so that this new version of the blockchain is kept. The stale block is the new block that got beated by higher PoW, but it’s still a valid block, it just happens that another version of the blockchain is “more valid” through PoW comparisson
  • How do stale blocks occur?
    I just answered that in the question above this one
  • Why is it important to wait for more than one block to be confirmed when sending or receiving a transaction?
    because the stale blocks situation happens a lot, so, the more blocks confirmed, the more probable it is that our block doesn’t convert to a stale block
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  1. When two miners solve a block at the same time, they are both valid on the blockchain until another block is created, the new block then choose which of the two to join, once the new block joins one the other is dropped.

  2. A stale block is a valid block that was dropped from the blockchain

  3. It occurs because there would always be one version of the truth.

  4. To confirm that it is not a stale block

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It doesn’t happen that often in Bitcoin. They are more common in Ethereum, but they also get resolved in a different way. :slight_smile:

  • What happens in the bitcoin network when two miners solve a block at the same time?
    The block in the longest chain will be accepted and all others will be rejected.

  • What is a stale block?
    Stale (or orphan) blocks are blocks which have been rejected from the blockchain as belonging to the shortest chain (alternative / rejected version of truth).

  • How do stale blocks occur?
    When chains compete with one another as “versions of truth”, the chain which gets to 6 subsequent blocks first will be accepted while any others will be rejected. Blocks within these rejected chains are called Stale or Orphan blocks.

  • Why is it important to wait for more than one block to be confirmed when sending or receiving a transaction?
    To ensure one single version of truth as the longest chain.

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1, Blockcain Forks Temporarily
2. Dropped Block from the blockchain
3. After the Block is droped from the chain, in favour of longer blockchain
4. In case Stale or orphane block occure

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It doesn’t need to be 6, any chain that gets more pow first will be the winning chain. 6 confirmations is a rule of thumb, not an actual rule. :slight_smile:

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  1. What happens in the bitcoin network when two miners solve a block at the same time?
    The chain forks into two versions of the truth and whichever chain the next miner chooses becomes the accepted block and the second, shorter (by POW) chain has its latest blocks transactions put back into the mempool.

  2. What is a stale block? It’s the block from the shorter chain that gets discarded and has its transactions returned to the mempool.

  3. How do stale blocks occur?
    When there are two blocks found by more than one miner at around the same time.

  4. Why is it important to wait for more than one block to be confirmed when sending or receiving a transaction? To minimize the chances that your transaction is going to end up back in the mempool as part of a stale block.

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  • What happens in the bitcoin network when two miners solve a block at the same time?
  • What is a stale block?
  • How do stale blocks occur?
  • Why is it important to wait for more than one block to be confirmed when sending or receiving a transaction?
  1. When two miners solve a block at the same time, there is a divergence event, causing a two paths within the blockchain. The network will choose the longest blockchain soon after.
  2. Stale blocks occur once the network chooses the longest chain after a divergence event occurs. The block that doesn’t get accepted becomes stale, the transactions within that block go back to the mempool, and the stale block eventually get removed.
  3. Its important to wait for an additional 6 blocks to be added to the blockchain before confirming a transaction so the network has enough time to synchronize in case of a divergence event.
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  1. A fork will be formed, when we have 2 solutions appearing at the same time.

  2. Stale block is the one that has the shortest chain where the miner didn’t continue and decide to discard and follow the other chain instead. Eventually, the transactions in the stale block will put back to the mempool.

  3. When we have 2 or more blocks solved the solution at the same time.

  4. As stale block can happen, it will be more safe to have more blocks been formed before consider that it is been accepted by the network.

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  1. The block inside the longest chain wins.
  2. A block who was known as valid by a few miners, but lost the race and gets deletet.
  3. They occur when miners mine on different blocks, but only one can win.
  4. Because the block can be a stale block and my transaction goes back to the mempool.
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1.What happens in the bitcoin network when two miners solve a block at the same time?
both are accepted till chain made with one of them is longer that would be chosen(it depends on the next block )
2.What is a stale block?
blocks that are dropped from the chain because of existence of a larger chain.
3.How do stale blocks occur?
when nodes in some part of network know about a recent block and some parts don’t, two valid blocks may get attached to same existing block that one of them should get dropped.
4.Why is it important to wait for more than one block to be confirmed when sending or receiving a transaction?
because the block containing the tx may be a stale.

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1.One block will be stale or orphaned, and the other block will be added to block permanently
2. A block rejected by the network after choosing the other more widely adopted block
3.When 2 true versions of the blockchain are being passed through the network.
4.Because yours could be in a stale block, leaving your transaction still unconfirmed.

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  • What happens in the bitcoin network when two miners solve a block at the same time?
    Then the chain forks and the next block thats added is added to the longer chain, this chain becomes the dominant one and all the transaction since the fork on the other branch are discarded to the mempool.
  • What is a stale block?
    The dropped blocks as a result of the above scenario are called stale blocks.
  • How do stale blocks occur?
    Stale block occure when there are two valid new blocks for a certain lenth of time, then another block is added to the longest chain and the other half of the fork is dropped.
  • Why is it important to wait for more than one block to be confirmed when sending or receiving a transaction?
    because your transaction might get dropped depending on the situation.
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1- two blockchain get created
2- is a block that will be rejected from the blockchain and all transactions been put to menpool
3- when two or more miner creates a block in the same time, to see if that chain has been accepted by the decentralised network. The more confirmations the longer the block-chain length. The longest block-chain is the one that is accepted as the greatest version of the truth so miners extent it more by resolve the nonce for the next block reward

  1. What happens in the bitcoin network when two miners solve a block at the same time?
    Both are valid blocks for a time with valid nonces and transactions. A third miner will come along and chose one, and create a block and the network will chose the longest BlockChain. The one not chosen will have that block returned to the Mempool

  2. What is a stale block?
    A Block that was in the Blockchain but was dropped.

  3. How do stale blocks occur?
    When two versions of the truth are created at the same time. One version will be dropped back into the mempool.

  4. Why is it important to wait for more than one block to be confirmed when sending or receiving a transaction?
    So it does not become a stale block and to make sure the transaction is not dropped back into the mempool. Wait for six confirmations to occur.

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  1. The chain will temporarily fork until one of those forked versions has more pow

  2. A block that got invalidated by the network because it got overtaken by a chain with more pow.

  3. When 2 miners mint a new block simultaneously. Both blocks are valid but only the chain with more pow will be allowed to continue.

  4. Because stale blocks can occur and if your transaction is a part of an orphaned block your transaction will be returned to mempool.

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  1. Once they have solved the block they each notify their network. The nodes that are geographically closest to the miners receive the respective solutions first. The network waits for confirmation before they validate with consensus. The longest (difficulty-wise) chain will be the winner.
  2. A stale block is a valid block that is discarded when consensus is reached because it lost the battle for longest blockchain to another valid block that is incorporated into the ledger. The transactions contained in the discarded block are returned to the mempool.
  3. They occur when two miners both create a valid block at exactly the same time. This temporarily creates two different blockchains. However the one with less proof of work will be discarded. This is the stale block.
  4. To ensure that your transaction is not sent back to the mempool as part of a stale block.
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Nice, in practice, when 2 miners mine a valid block at the same blockheight, it all depends on wich block the next miner mines successfully a new block, wich makes 1 chain longer than the other.

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