Homework on Stale Blocks

  1. In this case you will end up with two blockchains being propagated through the network. Other miners will choose one of the different versions to mine to next block. The longest blockchain (in terms of PoW) will be kept and the other version will be dropped.

  2. A stale block is a block that is dropped in favor of a longer blockchain.

  3. Stale block occurs when two blocks are mined at around the same time and one of them gets dropped for a longer blockchain.

  4. It’s important to wait for more confirmations to reduce risk that your transaction is dropped back to mempool due to being part of a stale block.

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  1. When two miners create a temporary fork in the chain. The block that is further confirmed by the majority through additional blocks successive blocks being added with the longest chain will be taken as the source of truth and the shorter chain will be disregarded.

  2. A stale block is one that was mined correctly and caused a fork upon being added to the chain but resulted in being disregarded because its chain was shorter than another.

  3. When two miners try to add a block at the same time, the chain will fork. The longest chain will continue.

  4. It important to wait 5-6 blocks later for confirmation as this indicates if the transaction is indeed accepted and is on the longest chain.

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  1. When two minors solve a block at the same time and they are valid, then they split into two valid branches and starts propagating the network to the nodes closest to them. This continues till the longest chain wins, which results in the other chains transaction being returned to the mempool to be picked up by future miners,

  2. Stale/orphaned blocks occur when a blockchain get split into branches and when the longest chain wins, the other branch which has blocks of transactions are dropped which are the orphaned/stale block

  3. Stale block occurs due to miners solving problem in the same window. It can also occur if the block are created to fast meaning that there is not enough time for the information to propagate through the network

  4. It is important in the event that your transaction resides on the branch which might be orphaned due to miners solving blocks at the same time. Shortest chain will be dropped and I might be on that branch.

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1.) One will be dropped after a few confirmations when the network syncs. the longest will continue.

2.) A confirmed block that is refused by the network after a few conformations because there was another that had more support and also had a confirmation at a simular timestamp.

3.) When 2 seperate miners have a confirmed block at a simular time stamp.

4.) because of the possibility of a stale block.

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Ok Thanks for the correction :slight_smile:

  1. What happens in the bitcoin network when two miners solve a block at the same time?
    The chain ends up with two ends (each one with each of the 2 miners block at the end). The one that will be eventually chosen is the one who gets linked first to a following block. In that situation, the transactions that were in the block of the losing miner are returned to the mempool.

  2. What is a stale block?
    A stale block is a block that doesn’t get linked to a follower block

  3. How do stale blocks occur?
    See answer to question 1 above. The block that didn’t “win” and didn’t get linked to a following block is called stale and the transactions that it contained and were not included in the “winning block” are then returned to the mempool to be included in another block.

  4. Why is it important to wait for more than one block to be confirmed when sending or receiving a transaction?
    You want to make sure that your transaction was not in a block that end up being stale. So waiting for 6 following blocks to be linked to the block containing your transaction is a way to super insure that your transaction went trough.

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  • What happens in the bitcoin network when two miners solve a block at the same time?
    -there is a network split until the next block
  • What is a stale block?
    -A stale block is a block that was on the losing branch of the chain split
  • How do stale blocks occur?
    -When the next block gets appended to the other branch, the current branch gets ignored abd the blocks become stale
  • Why is it important to wait for more than one block to be confirmed when sending or receiving a transaction?
    -It is not certain that a block will not become stale, since the network propagatiin time is also a factor
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As you stated it is important to wait 6 confirmations, to make sure your block doesnt become a stale/orphan block

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  1. When 2 miners solve a block at the same time, that block is propagated to the nodes that are closest to each of them, and temporarily there are 2 different, valid versions of the blockchain.

  2. A stale block is a block that was on the blockchain at some point, but was later dropped, with the transactions returned to the mempool.

  3. Stale blocks occur after after miners mine two different blocks at the same time, and eventually the block that is on the chain with less proof of work is discarded.

  4. It’s important to wait for more than one block to be confirmed to make sure that the block does not become stale. So 6 confirmations are recommended.

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  1. What happens in the bitcoin network when two miners solve a block at the same time?

Both miners broadcast their block to the network creating two different versions of the blockchain. When other miners append their new blocks to the chain the version of the blockchain with the most proof of work wins and the transactions from the stale block are return to the mempool.

  1. What is a stale block?

A stale block is a valid block of transactions that was returned to the mempool because it was not part of the longest version of the blockchain showing the most proof of work.

  1. How do stale blocks occur?

Stale blocks occur when two or more miners submit a new valid bock to be appended to the blockchain. The longest version of the chain showing the most proof of work wins and the transactions of the other stale blocks are returned to the mempool.

  1. Why is it important to wait for more than one block to be confirmed when sending or receiving a transaction?

Because it is possible that your transaction is part of a block that may become a stale block and your transaction is actually sent back to the mempool instead. When 6 or more blocks are added to the chain after your block it is extremely unlikely that the blockchain version holding your transaction will be dropped for not being the longest chain with the most proof of work. The more confirmations after your block the more confident you can be that your transaction is complete and can never be dropped from the blockchain.

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What happens in the bitcoin network when two miners solve a block at the same time?
The nodes receiving the new blocks will choose the longest blockchain. The transactions in the other blockchain that is not in the longest one will get put back into the mempool.

What is a stale block?
Its the block in another version of the blockchain that got dropped because it was not as long as the latest version.

How do stale blocks occur?
Stale blocks are generated when two different miners relay their valid blocks almost at the same time. This causes the network to split into two competing versions of the blockchain until one of the blocks is discarded (the longest chain prevails while the other is abandoned)

Why is it important to wait for more than one block to be confirmed when sending or receiving a transaction?
To be sure that your transaction does not get dropped because its in a stale block. Transaction should get added to the next block in anycase, but to make sure that your transaction is ‘set in stone’, wait at least 6 confirmations to be 99.99% sure.

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  1. The network will accept the longest blockchain with the highest difficulty and the other block will be sent back to the mempool.

  2. A stale block is when there’s two block created at the same time and one of them will eventually win and the other one will be rejected and sent back in to the mempool.

  3. A stale block occurs when two blocks gets created at exactly the same time and only one of them can be true, the other one will get staled/orphaned.

  4. To be sure the current block dosen’t get orphaned.

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  • What happens in the bitcoin network when two miners solve a block at the same time?
    Both blocks are added to the existing chain. But only one can persist after another block is added to it before it can be added to the other.

  • What is a stale block?
    A stale block is a legitimate block that was added to the blockchain but was later rejected. Only the longer chain with the greatest POW will persist.

  • How do stale blocks occur?
    Stale blocks occur when 2 miners add different blocks to the blockchain at the same time. There can only be one that persists. The other is rejected as a stale block.

  • Why is it important to wait for more than one block to be confirmed when sending or receiving a transaction?
    Because that transaction may be one that is held on a block that is later removed for whatever reason.

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  1. One miner continues the chain, and the other becomes the stale block.

  2. A block that is no longer part of the blockchain because it was not accepted.

  3. When two miners solve the cryptographic puzzle and submit the results at the same time. The first miner’s block to be accepted continues the chain, and the other is considered invalid or stale block.

  4. Waiting for more than one block ( preferably six ) would ensure the block is confirmed and not a stale block.

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  1. The longest chain always wins. The other block is discarded, and called a stale or orphaned block. The transactions are returned to the mempool.
  2. A discarded block.
  3. When two miners mine a block at the same time.
  4. You wait for 6 confirmations to give time to see which chain will be the most valid.
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  1. Block in the longest chain will WIN, other block became an ORPHANED BLOCK
  2. Stale block = is a block that was in blockchain but then was dropped because another block that was produced at the same time was part of a longer chain
  3. Stale blocks produces at the same time with another block ,but stale blocks are part of shorter chain, that’s why they are dropped
  4. 6 confirmations are needed in order to not to be dropped out of chain.
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What happens in the bitcoin network when two miners solve a block at the same time?
The chain will split in two parts. The part that will produce the next block will be the valid part. The other string will end with a orphan block and all transactions in that block will be put back in the mempool.

What is a stale block?
A stable block is a block that is frist was on the blockchain but is later rejected because the other string in the chain was quicker in producing the next block.

How do stale blocks occur?
A stable block occur when a block is put out off the blockchain because another block is

Why is it important to wait for more than one block to be confirmed when sending or receiving a transaction?
The more confirmations you have, the more secure it is. Normally you want 6 confirmations before you are really sure that the transactions are made on the longest chain.

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  1. There will be two blocks at that particular moment. After that, which one is valid depends on the next block that is mined. Lets say there are two blocks at the same time, block A and block B. When the next miner tries to append a new block in the blockchain, with previous block as block B… then B will now be the valid block. Block A will be dropped, because the longest chain with highest PoW will be chosen as the truth.

QUESTION: When there are two blocks at the same time, who will get the reward? When do they get this reward?

  1. A block that is dropped, for example block A in the previous example.

  2. In example above

  3. Because these situations like example in question 1 can occur. To prevent double spending etc we need to wait on several confirmations to be sure that these UTXO’s actually went in the block that is chosen as the truth. Because different miners with different blocks can also consist different txs.

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QUESTION: When there are two blocks at the same time, who will get the reward? When do they get this reward?

Can someone please explain this to me? Thanks a lot in advance!
Max

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  1. What happens in the bitcoin network when two miners solve a block at the same time?
    At the point where two blocks are mined at the same time, there are two versions of the truth, both are valid. The blockchain isn’t supposed to have two versions of the truth. So a third miner comes in and chooses what truth to follow. Ones this third miner has mined a block that links to one of the truths, this chain will now be the “true” blockchain, and the transactions in the other block that the third miner didn’t follow goes back to the mempool of unconfirmed transactions.

  2. What is a stale block?
    A stale block is a block that used to be valid, but the network didn’t continue the chain on this block, so the transactions in the block goes back to the mempool.

  3. How do stale blocks occur?
    Stale blocks occur when miners choose different transactions in their blocks, they follow the previous hash, and they get a correct nonce. The miners and the nodes that are connected have their own version of the truth, while other miners that used different transactions from different nodes followed their own truth. What truth gets decided to be the “true truth” is dependent on what the miner of block three uses as it’s information to mine the next block.
    The bitcoin network tries to keep 10 minutes per block, by increasing/decreasing difficulty with more/less miners. If it takes only 5 minutes to create a block, there is a greater chance that there will be several chains of blocks, where all of the blocks in some of the chains will become stale. There can only be one chain that can turn out to be the truth.

  4. Why is it important to wait for more than one block to be confirmed when sending or receiving a transaction?
    In bitcoin it is normal to have 6 confirmations. 1 confirmation is 1 confirmed block. The reason this is important is because with fever confirmations it is a greater chance that the confirmations comes from blocks that could be stale a few blocks in the future. It is dependent on what the miner of the next blocks use. With 1 or 2 confirmations, the confirmations could come from stale blocks. Once we have 6 confirmations we are sure that this is the 6 true blocks in the on-going blockchain.

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