Homework on Stale Blocks

  1. Blockchain will be splitted into two valid blocks. Two versions of the truth are in the network. Later the network will accept the longer blockchain with most POW.

  2. Stale or orphaned blocks are the blocks that have not been involved in the current blockchain.

  3. When the valid block gets dropped from blockchain.

  4. Because transaction could be in stale block and returned to the mempool.

  1. What happens in the bitcoin network when two miners solve a block at the same time?
    The blockchain only accepts the longest chain with the most proof of work. So the block that has another block linked to it will automatically be accepted. And the other block( Stale block) will be returned to the mempool.

  2. What is a stale block?
    It is a block that is returned into the mempool in favour of a chain with more proof of work.

  3. How do stale blocks occur?
    Stale blocks occur after a fork is resolved with a longer chain with more proof of work.

  4. Why is it important to wait for more than one block to be confirmed when sending or receiving a transaction?
    It is important to wait for 6 confirmations to be sure that the block that contains your transaction is not dropped from the chain.

  • What happens in the bitcoin network when two miners solve a block at the same time?
    When two miners solve a block at the same time, the longest chain is accepted and the other block goes back to the mempool.

  • What is a stale block?
    A stale block is a block that goes back to the mempool because another block with a longer chain has been accepted.

  • How do stale blocks occur?
    Stale blocks occur when the blockchain accepts a block with the longest chain over the other one.

  • Why is it important to wait for more than one block to be confirmed when sending or receiving a transaction?
    It is important to wait for 6 confirmations in order to avoid that the block drops.

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Glenn_CostaRica

1. What happens in the bitcoin network when two miners solve a block at the same time?
For a short period of time, two versions of the truth may coexist, since it is perfectly reasonable that, for each version of the truth generated by each miner, there would be a number of nodes accepting one truth or the other. Two versions of the truth – or in other words, two blockchains --, can lead to a split that remains alive for several blocks until a longer chain invalidates a shorter one.

2. What is a stale block?
It’s a block that has been mined correctly and appended to the blockchain, but that results in abandonment later.

3. How do stale blocks occur?
A stale block occurs when a good block that has been appended to a version of the blockchain, ends up being abandoned later when a new longer version of the same blockchain appears and invalidates any shorter version.

4. Why is it important to wait for more than one block to be confirmed when sending or receiving a transaction?
It is vital to have enough time from block to block so that the entire network can reach a completely satisfactory consensus on what the last block or the final version of the blockchain is, before new submissions for the next block start being accepted.

  1. They propagate their new blocks to neighboring nodes and there are temporarily two versions of the blockchain. This is resolved when another miner solves a new block on either one of them as the longest chain takes precedence over the other one.

  2. A block that was dropped as another version of the blockchain was enacted.

  3. See 1) & 2)

  4. To ensure that the transaction will not end up in a dropped block, only to be picked by another miner at a later point in time.

Q1: The blocks will both be added to the blockchain and it will seem as if both blocks are accepted.

Q2 and Q3: A stale block is a block that was previously on the blockchain that was under the impression that it was accepted, but because another longer blockchain with more POW was accepted and not the one that the block was on, this chain is dropped and the blocks in this chain are recycled back to the mempool where they must wait to be verified once again.

Q4:This will help ensure that your TX will be accepted and verified by the network instead of later being dropped for another chain with higher POW.

  1. When two miners solve a lock at the same time in the Bitcoin network, the stronger chain wins while the other block is dropped (Orphaned/Staled).

  2. A stale block is a block that is dropped from the blockchain

  3. Stale blocks occur when multiple miners solve a block puzzle at the same time and only one of them is added to the blockchain.

  4. It is important to wait for more than one block to be confirmed before sending or receiving a transaction to ensure your block isn’t dropped.

  1. When two miners solve a block at the same time on the bitcoin network there will be two new completely valid (both nonces and transactions within are correct) blocks added to the chain, splitting the blockchain in two directions. Both of these new blocks are valid versions of truth. The network continues by choosing either block A or B to continue the chain. The network naturally chooses to continue on the longest chain, so if A is chosen by the next miner then miners will naturally continue adding from there since it is longer. The B block will then be dropped and all transactions within will be added back into the mempool.

  2. Stale blocks or orphaned blocks is the name associated with the validated blocks that were on the blockchain at one point but were dropped because there was another longer version of on the blockchain without those stale blocks on it.

  3. A stale block occurs when two blocks come out at the same time on the blockchain and more miners choose one block over another to continue the chain. The shorter chain of now stale blocks gets dropped.

  4. You should wait for at least six confirmations on the block you are working on when sending or receiving a transaction because a situation can occur where that very block could be removed from the blockchain.

1:
The block in the longest chain will be approved.

2:
Orphaed/Stale blocks are the blocks that are dropped by the network and will not exist anymore.

3:
The occur when they are rejected byu the network

4:
10 min block time to make sure all the network can approve and avoid to many blocks competing at the same time.

  1. Both blocks are broadcast to the network. Nodes that are nearer geographically to either mined block will add that block to the blockchain.

  2. A stale block is one of two or more contemporaneously mined blocks that is returned to the mempool.

  3. A stale block occurs when an alternative chain with more proof of work is accepted by the network.

  4. Waiting for confirmation ensures that the block containing your transaction has been added to the blockchain.

  1. Both blocks are added to the block chain. One of the two will have a block appended to it first, subsequent blocks will be added to both blocks. Nodes on the network begin to validate the blocks and choose the longer chain.
  2. A stale block is the result of losing the validation race between two blocks created at the same time.
  3. When the chain of blocks created and appended to an unconfirmed block get dropped because that one duplicate block loses the confirmation race.
  4. Waiting assures that the block has been confirmed by at least 6 confirmations occur. This minimizes stale blocks.
  1. Both blocks are (kind of) added to the blockchain for a while. Until the block after that is added in the chain, then we know which of the two blocks (from the miners that previously solved a block at the same time) which of them the new miner treated as the previously (last) block of the blockchain. The loser block will get rejected and called stale block.

  2. See explanation above.

  3. When two miners solve a block at the same time, one of this two blocks will soon be a stale block.

  4. Why is it important to wait for more than one block to be confirmed when sending or receiving a transaction?
    Just because of this, the stale blocks. We want to make sure that all the nodes and minders (all around the world is “working with the same blockchain so to speak”. Otherwise it will be more rejected blocks due to the physical distance around the world.

1: There are two versions of the next block in the network of nodes.
2: A stale block is a block that has been dropped from the blockchain and its transactions have gone back to the mempool.
3: When a new block joins the block chain and attaches to one of the two block that were produced simultaneously.
4: If the transaction is in a stale block it will be unconfirmed and sent back to the mempool by waiting you ensure that the block will not be dropped.

  1. The block in the longest chain will win and the other blocks become stale and orphaned. When this situation occurs all transactions are returned to the mempool.
    2.The stale block resulted because in the blockchain occured two blocks were added at the same time [or finished at the same time]. This block was also part of a longer chain.
  2. This situation occurred because the truth was produced at the same time for 2 blocks. Almost like two big person running and reaching the exit at the same time. Therefore one block had to be dropped and this block became stale and had to be dropped.
    4.The required time of 6 confirmations results in the assurance that the block with the transactions will be not dropped from the block chain.
  1. What happens in the bitcoin network when two miners solve a block at the same time?
    It creates a stoppage of each chain until another minor chooses which block to continue and complete a more complicated blockchain.
  2. What is a stale block? A block that has been dropped from the blockchain and its transactions will be returned to the mempool to be mined again.
  3. How do stale blocks occur? These can occur when 2 minors have completed their blockchain, found their target and submitted to nodes at the same time. They are held until a minor chooses one and completes a more complicated chain from one of them. The unchosen block becomes a stale block, or orphaned block and is returned to the mempool.
  4. Why is it important to wait for more than one block to be confirmed when sending or receiving a transaction? due to the possibility of a block becoming dropped before full confirmation from all nodes.
  1. If two miners solve a valid block at the same time, they both are added to the blockchain. However this is just for a time. When the next blocks come, it is added to only one of the chains and then is considered as the real chain/ the truth. The other block is then dropped (called Stale or Orphan block).

  2. The block that is dropped because its chain, shorter, with less POW, was not chosen by miners for the next block.

  3. Occurs when more than one valid blocks are mined at the same time and added to the blockchain. Since only one can be chosen, when the next block comes, all the others are dropped.

  4. Because if you don’t wait enough, you’re not sure if your transaction is in a stale block or not. It is suggested to wait for 6 blocks to be completely sure that your transaction is confirmed.

1- Both blocks are valid and will be inserted into the blockchain with nonces below the target. So some nodes might get one of the block from one miner and other nodes will see the other block from the other miner. Once another miner gets another block into the blockchain, the blockchain will keep the longest chain (continued from either one of the two previous blocks) and the block that is not selected will be added to the mempool, so that there will always be one version of the blockchain

2- It is a block that is dropped from the blockchain

3- When two miners solve a valid block at the same time

4- Becuase there is always the chance that the block where your transaction are is dropped or added to the mempool. So it is always good to wait for 6 confirmations

  1. Neighbouring nodes to miner 1 get miner’s 1 block or version 1 of the truth, neighbouring nodes to miner 2 get miner’s 2 block or version 2 of the truth. Only when both chains meet yet another miner already added another block to a version to make it longer, let’s say, is when one of the chains will survive (the longer one).
  2. A block that was once in the chain but got brought back in the mempool due to the removal of a link from the blockchain.
  3. I refer to 1. Thus, when a chain survives when another doesn’t, the blocks of the latter will be brought back to the mempool.
  4. Because somebody else could solved the puzzle at the same time creating two version of the truth making your block a stale one.
  1. Both are taken as valid by the nodes until another block is solved that will make either one longer.
  2. a block that has a nonce that is lower than the target but has not been accepted as the longest chain by the nodes.
  3. has a nonce that is lower than the target but has not been accepted as the longest chain by the nodes.
    4.because it may not be accepted into the blockchain. It might be stale.

What happens in the bitcoin network when two miners solve a block at the same time?

  • They start to propagate that new version of blockchain and the ‘nearest’ nodes will get that new blockchain, so will start to exist two different blockchains

What is a stale block?

  • A stale block is a block that was in the blockchain but has been dropped

How do stale blocks occur?

  • When two blocks got added into the blockchain at the same time they start to propagate, so in this situation some nodes will have a blockchain with a block and some other nodes will have the other version of the blockchain: network will accept only one of that two blockchains, the longest of the two, so the shortest blockchain will lose its last block, letting that block becoming stale

Why is it important to wait for more than one block to be confirmed when sending or receiving a transaction?

  • It’s important because there is the possibility that a fork occurred, so there is the need to wait 6 confirmation blocks to be safe that your block won’t be stale and tx will be accomplished, anyway, in case of stale block, transactions will go again in the Mempool