Homework on Stale Blocks

Blockchain and Bitcoin 101
#4354
  1. The miner who has the longest chain will win. The other one will be dropped or “orphaned”
  2. The stale block has the shorter chain competing with a longer one.
  3. When 2 versions of the truth was produced at the same time in which 1 version being dropped later.
  4. The practice is to wait 10 minutes or 6 confirmations to make sure that the block doesn’t get dropped.
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#4355

  1. If that happens, then the network selects the block with the chain having most/longer PoW.

  2. Stale block refers to the block, which has been completely verified and validated (mined), drops from the blockchain. Hence, it doesn’t get appended to the blockchain.

  3. A fully mined block becomes stale/orphan when the network selects the other block that manages to extend its chain through longer PoW.

  4. It is crucial to wait for at least six confirmations (blocks) after a TX is confirmed to fully know whether the block, which consists of that TX, was appended to the blockchain or got dropped due to some other block having the longer chain through more PoW.

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#4356

A block is mined every 10 minutes so 6 confirmations would take about an hour. :slight_smile:

#4357
  1. two different chains are started.
  2. stale block which was accepted by the network is now dropped.
    3.by completing the nonce at the same time with another block creating the second chain and when another block s created to the other chain the first chain is dropped and the blocks on the first chain become stale.
  3. to give more time to the network to accept and prevent more stale blocks.
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#4358

  1. The longer block is accepted and the other block is rejected to the mempool.

  2. When multiple miners attempt to solve the same block, the longer block is accepted and the rejected block is known ad stale bloc.

  3. To ensure that the transaction is accepted and not a part of a stale block being sent to the mempool.

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#4359

  1. the longest blockchain always wins. as new blocks have to travel physicall through the network it depends which of the two blocks gets than again chosen by new miners to attach their blocks. and then one of the competing blocks will be dropped.

  2. a stale block is a dropped block that was once part of the blockchain.

  3. by other miners attaching their new blocks to other blocks therefore havin a longer blockchain without the to become stale block in it.

  4. the make sure that that version of the blockchain is actually being accepted and not another.

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#4360
  1. When two miners solve a block at the same time, two different versions of the blockchain are created
  2. A stale block is a block that was once on the blockchain, but was dropped/invalidated
  3. A stale block occurs when another, longer version of the blockchain is discovered and accepted as the true version, causing the block in the shorter version to be rejected
  4. Waiting for more than one block to be confirmed when sending/receiving a transaction ensures that your transaction was added to the version of the blockchain that will persist/be accepted as the true version
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#4361

  1. What happens in the bitcoin network when two miners solve a block at the same time?
    Eventually one blockchain will win. That block which is longest.

  2. What is a stale block?
    Its orphaned blockchain which is on shortest blockchain and have another version of truth and have been accepted by the decentraliserad nodes. It will be dropped.

  3. How do stale blocks occur?
    When a block is valid for a time cause there was two block produced with the same version of the truth.

  4. Why is it important to wait for more than one block to be confirmed when sending or receiving a transaction?
    It is important because to se if our transaction är valid and not dropped. Important to with for six confirmations block to se it is valid.

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#4362
  1. Two different path ways are created.
  2. The one that doesn’t get fully added to the blockchain and dropped off.
  3. When two blocks are created at the same time.
  4. Because if they’re at least 6 blocks after yours then it’s confirmed on the blockchain.
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#4363
  1. When two miners solve a block at the same time then there will be two competing versions of the blockchain. Each miner will start propagating their block through the network and will reach different nodes first. So part of the nodes will have version from miner A and others version from miner B. The issue is mostly resolved when the next block is mined. The miner of the next block will either have used version A or B as a basis for the new block. Sicne the network always accepts the longest blockchain this resolves the conflict of the two versions (unless there are two versions mined at the same time again). The rejected (but perfectly valid) block is called a stale block
  2. See explanation above
  3. See above
  4. By waiting for several blocks to confirm your transaction, reduces the likelihood of the transaction being dropped because it was in a stale block.
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#4364

It is accepted as true until another miner join on one of the competing miners block. Then the blockchain accepts the longest chain. Upholding the 10 minute stand of time frame.
A stale block is simply the reject block from the accepted competitive miner to the blockchain. The stale block is sent to the mempool.
When the blockchain rejects one miner out of the competition to mine successfully
Because the blockchain only accepts the longest chain.

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#4365

1 - When two miners solve a block at the same time one of the blocks will be dropped and represented as stale. The new miner who has taken their new block onto the confirmed (from their POV) blockchain will validate whatever he they have chosen and accepted as the version of truth / the longest running chain.

2 - A stale block is a block, which has been dropped by the chain where even if the transactions were valid / truthful, have not been accepted by the network due the new miner. The transactions in the stale block will be reverted back to the mempool.

3 - As above - Stale blocks are those that have been dropped by the network (and may have been in the chain for some time) due to the nodes choosing accepting another block which may have been mined at approximately the same time and when the transactions have been sent back to the mempool.

4 - It is important to wait for another 6 blocks to be added to the chain incase the nodes drop your block as another block that was mined at the approximate time may have been accepted by most nodes and new miner beforehand.

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#4366
  1. Two versions of the truth are made.
  2. It is a valid block once in the chain but later dropped because its no longer in the longest chain.
  3. When two blocks are made at the same time, the next block will be made on either of the 2 leading the other to be dropped by the network(orphaned)
  4. To make sure the transactions are in the longest chain of blocks not end up dropped back to Mempool.
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#4367

  1. Both propagate through their most localized nodes until one is longer and accepted by the network.

  2. A stale block is a version of the chain that is decided by nodes to not the longest/best chain.

  3. As blockchains is data that travels on a physical network of nodes, localized discrepancies of communication can cause stale blocks.

  4. You should wait for 6 block confirmations to make sure your block doesn’t go stale on the network.

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#4368
  1. Then both blocks are added to the previous block
  2. It’s a block that’s being discarded after the bigger blockchain “wins”
  3. It happens when at the same time few miners produce a valid block
  4. Because one block does not guarantee that the transaction is valid. It might be dropped if it was in the stale block
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#4369

  • What happens in the bitcoin network when two miners solve a block at the same time?
    A: When two blocks are created at the same monment in time and added to the network and the network contains two different versions of the same block, not next block created and added to the one of the two versions of the blockchain will determine the blockchaing that will persists. The longest blockchain wins.

  • What is a stale block?
    A: A stale block is a block that was dropped from a blockchain (also known as an orphan block.

  • How do stale blocks occur?
    A: when there are two versions of the blockchain, and one of them is dropped that block is considered a stale block.

  • Why is it important to wait for more than one block to be confirmed when sending or receiving a transaction?
    A: In order to ensure that the block with your transaction is not dropped it is best practice to wait until 6 additional blocks have been created or approx 1 hour before considering that your transaction is fully confirmed.

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#4370

  1. When two miners mine a block at the same time, the nodes will randomly begin validation of their respective blocks. However, the block that is eventually accepted into the longest chain will be the one where subsequent blocks are added to the chain.

  2. A stale block is a block that is no longer a part of the longest chain of blocks, and hence is not a art of the core blockchain.

  3. Stale blocks occur when two blocks are created at the same time, but one block has additional blocks added after it was created. As a result, the block that does not have blocks appended to it becomes a stale block.

  4. It is important to wait for more than one block to be confirmed because if blocks are not added to the block then it may be come stale. If the block becomes stale the transactions within that block will be send back to the meme pool for validation.

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#4371
  1. What happens in the bitcoin network when two miners solve a block at the same time?
    A: The chain splits into 2 chains, but eventually one will be continued with other blocks and will become a longer chain, while the other block will be dropped and become a Stale / Orphaned block.
  2. What is a stale block?
    A: This is a block on the shorter chain after a split, which will be dropped from the blockchain, and its transactions will be returned to the mempool.
  3. How do stale blocks occur?
    A: A stale block occurs after two blocks are solved by 2 different miners at the same time, and a split in the chain occurs, and the stale block is on the shorter chain.
  4. Why is it important to wait for more than one block to be confirmed when sending or receiving a transaction?
    It’s important and safe to wait for another 6 confirmations, in order to ensure that the transaction doesn’t end in a stale block and go back to the mempool.
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#4372
  1. What happens in the bitcoin network when two miners solve a block at the same time?

One of the versions of the block will be dropped and will become a stale block (also called orphan block), the block chain will choose the longest chain (With most PoW)

  1. What is a stale block?

It is a block that was dropped because there was another block at the same time with a longer chain.

  1. How do stale blocks occur?

When there are 2 blocks at the same time the algorithm in the block chain will choose the longest chain (With most PoW).

  1. Why is it important to wait for more than one block to be confirmed when sending or receiving a transaction?

Because there can be a longer chain with a block at the same time and the chain will chose that one.

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#4373
  • What happens in the bitcoin network when two miners solve a block at the same time
    : The blocks are propagated through the Bitcoin network and if another miner / the same miner builds a block onto one of the propagated blocks then the longest chain of blocks are accepted and the block / blocks on the shorter chain are voided and become stale blocks.
  • What is a stale block : A stale block is a block that is voided and it is being removed from the blockchain.
  • How do stale blocks occur : Stale blocks are blocks that have shorter / or now additional blocks added to them and they are voided.
  • Why is it important to wait for more than one block to be confirmed when sending or receiving a transaction : Once blocks are confirmed 6 or more times then the transactions are permanently added to the blockchain. The time to confirm blocks are normally about 10 minutes. If blocks are solved faster, the difficulty of creating blocks are increased to ensure that the adding process of blocks takes long enough (10 minutes) for the blocks to be confirmed.
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