Homework on Stale Blocks

  1. When two miners solve a block at the same time each go to the network of nodes, nodes closest to the miner picks them up, network waits for a consensus, and the longest chain wins.
  2. A stale block is was not in the longest chain and is discarded.
  3. Stale blocks occur when a chain with the winning blocks is confirmed.
  4. It is important to wait for more than one block to be confirmed because it reduces the odds of it becoming stale.
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  1. What happens in the bitcoin network when two miners solve a block at the same time?

Both blocks will be accepted into the blockchain and create their own fork until one of the forks contains more proof of work than the other at which point the the longer version will become the dominant branch and the shorter one has any blocks it contained invalidated and the transactions sent back to the mempool.

  1. What is a stale block?

A stale block is a block that was added to the blockchain by a miner at the same time that a competing miner added another. The one that is not accepted is stale.

  1. How do stale blocks occur?

It is invalidated because it is part of a forked section of the blockchain with less proof of work than the competing branch which was accepted.

  1. Why is it important to wait for more than one block to be confirmed when sending or receiving a transaction?
    Your transaction could be on a stale branch of the blockchain. Waiting for a certain number of susequent blocks is a way to ensure the block is not stale.
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  1. What happens in the bitcoin network when two miners solve a block at the same time?
    Both of the blocks will be temporarily added to the previous block, and the blockchain now temporarily have 2 branches. Until some coming blocks added to the 2 branches. Which branches have a new block added faster will still stay.

  2. What is a stale block?
    A stale block is the block that added to the blockchain, but then be dropped because it is the one do not have the new block added behind it, in the speed competition with the block added at the same time with it.

  3. How do stale blocks occur?
    The stale blocks then sent back to mempool

  4. Why is it important to wait for more than one block to be confirmed when sending or receiving a transaction?
    To ensure that the block will be not dropped in the blockchain.

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  1. They are both propagated into the network.
  2. When multiple blockchains are created due to multiple miners solving the same block with different nonces, one will eventually be dropped. This block is known as a stale block.
  3. Two miners solve the same target with different nonces and transactions. These are both valid and propagate through the network. As the blockchain continues to grow, one version of history becomes the longest, the most confirmed, and the “competing” blockchain is dropped, creating stale block(s).
  4. Your block could become a stale block and not a permanent part of history, returning your transaction to the mempool. You should wait for multiple confirmations to ensure your transaction is historically valid.
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  1. Blocks mined at the same time will result in one block being dropped from the blockchain. The transactions of that block will be removed and sent to the Mempool. It will always be the longest block which will remain in existence and be the source of truth on the blockchain.

  2. A block that once existed on the blockchain at one time but got dropped. It could also be referred to as an orphan block that is no longer useful and valid.

  3. This occurs due to another version of the blockchain that is longer without that particular block in it.

  4. Because it is possible for a transaction in a particular block that could be dropped from the blockchain due to other blocks coming at the same time to be appended to the blockchain.

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What happens in the bitcoin network when two miners solve a block at the same time?

When two miners solve a block at the same time both blocks are appended to the chain and both sources of truth are propagated to the other nodes of the Bitcoin network.

What is a stale block?

A stale block is a block that had been appended to the chain at one point but has subsequently be invalidated by a longer chain that has been propagated.

How do stale blocks occur?

Stale blocks occur when another longer chain has been generated from a different block and propagated through the network. This longer chain becomes the new source of truth and the transactions in the stale block are returned to the mempool.

Why is it important to wait for more than one block to be confirmed when sending or receiving a transaction?

Best practices call for six confirmations of the block transaction in order to ensure that the block has indeed been appended to the chain and the transaction is not in a potentially stale block.

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  1. When 2 miners solve a block at the same time new miners will start mining on either of the 2 new blocks and solving the next block at which makes one chain longer than the other causing one to be confirmed into the blockchain and the other block to be dropped returning all transactions back to the mempool.

2 A Stale Block is a valid block that is dropped by the blockchain.

  1. When multiple blocks are solved at roughly the same time, miners start mining on one of the blocks creating stale blocks to occure, they are then dropped do to another version of the blockchain without those blocks in it.

  2. It is important to wait for more than one block to be confirmed, because in the instance there are competing blocks, time is needed to make sure the block your transactions were in are confirmed and added to the blockchain and not dropped with stale blocks and returned to the mempool.

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1-The chain splits into 2 chains
2-Orphan block
3-When 2 miners have valid blocks at the same time.
4-Allows for lag time and ensures that there is not an orphan or stale block.

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  1. Two different and both valid chains will be coexisting.

  2. A block that was valid and appended to the blockchain and then removed and sent all transactions to the mempool again.

  3. Because a larger chain has been found, so it has more proof-of-work.

  4. Because it can be found a larger chain that invalidates the valid transaction.

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  1. The Blocks will get propagated to the closest nodes in the network first. Until another block is create on top of one of them and the longest chain will be chose.

  2. A stale block is the non chosen block that got discard and all the information inside are send back to the mempool.

  3. Occurs when there is a competition between 2 block in the network until one of the chain got longer and the other one got discard.

  4. It is safe to wait for 6 confirmation to say that a transaction is confirmed. Because of the competition between miners there are possibilities that another chain become longer and our got drop.

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Waiting will not prevent stale blocks, it will merely insure your tx is not part of it. :slight_smile:

  1. What happens in the bitcoin network when two miners solve a block at the same time?

If you have two miners (lets call them A and B) who each have solved a new block at the same time than some nodes will see the block of miner A as the truth. Other nodes will see the block of miner B as the truth. That depends all on which node communicates first with miner A or B to get that information.
But then the next block will created by miner C. If it is the case that his block is based on the block of miner A than that is the longest chain now and the block of miner B will be removed and all of the transactions of that block will go back to the mempool.

  1. What is a stale block?

A stale block is a block that was removed from the blockchain because there is another version of the blockchain that is longer without those blocks in it.

  1. How do stale blocks occur?

They occur if there are multiple blocks created at the same time. Since only 1 of those blocks can be a part of the chain the blocks that are removed from it are being called stale blocks or orphanblocks.

  1. Why is it important to wait for more than one block to be confirmed when sending or receiving a transaction?

Because you don’t know yet if that block will be in the longest chain or if it will become a stale block. So to be shure that the transaction is complete you will have to wait for multiple blocks to be confirmed. Then you know that block is part of the longest chain.

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1 Both blocks are added and nodes closest to each miner pick up a version of the truth.
2 A block that was not in the longest chain and discarded.
3 Stale blocks occur when 2 block are produced at the same time with both versions of the truth excepted by some nodes. This creates a fork and the longest fork wins. The blocks or block on the shortest chain is deemed stale and is removed with the data been sent back to the mempool.
4 To make sure the block has properly been accepted by the chain and not become stale and returned .

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  1. Creates two chains/blocks and depending on the location of the nodes/miners these spread different true versions of the chain throughout the network.

  2. A block that was once part of the blockchain but was dropped.

  3. When a miner adds a new block to the chain (the version they have) and that chain ends up being the longest so all other true versions of the blocks on chains that are shorter are dropped and thus resulting in stale blocks.

  4. So your transaction is less likely to become part of a stale block.

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  1. The longer block will eventually overtake the other as accepted one for the chain. The shorted block will be dropped or “orphaned.”
  2. The stale block is the shorter block when there are completing blocks with the same truth on the chain. This will eventually be “orphaned” and not accepted on the chain.
  3. Stale blocks occur when two valid blocks are produced at the same time. The block that ends up with a shorter chain will be dropped and called “stale.”
  4. It is important to wait for confirmation when sending/receiving transactions to make sure that the block has been accepted on the network. This is updated every 10 minutes.
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  1. The nodes nearest to each respective miner would take that version of the blockchain as truth until the network decides on the longest of the two as the final truth.

  2. A stale block is a block that was part of the dropped version of the blockchain in a situation where two miners solved a block at the same time.

  3. Stale blocks occur when two miners solve a block at the same time and one version of the blockchain gets dropped due to the other being longer and accepted as the final truth by the network.

  4. It is important because of the possibility of two miners confirming a block at the same time. It is important to be sure first which version of the blockchain gets accepted as the final truth by the network.

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  1. What happens in the bitcoin network when two miners solve a block at the same time?

The network will validate the chain of blocks that is longer, meaning more hashrate was needed to create this chain. The shorter chain of block gets dropped to mempool.

  1. What is a stale block?

Stale block is a valid block that gets unconfirmed and dropped to mempool.

  1. How do stale blocks occur?

They occur when there are two miners that have similar hashrate power so that the blockchain splits. The blockchain with bigger hashrate power gets confirmed and the other chain is therefore chain of staleblocks.

  1. Why is it important to wait for more than one block to be confirmed when sending or receiving a transaction?

Because it can happen that the block where our transaction is becomes a stale block. Waiting fo more blockes ensures that the transaction will get confirmed.

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what happened to answer number 4?:thinking:

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Thanks, I missed the question! :slight_smile:

  1. What happens in the bitcoin network when two miners solve a block at the same time?
    The chain splits into two chains. The longest chain will win, the transactions of the other chain will be dumped into the mempool.

  2. What is a stale block?
    The block of the shortest chain after a fork, which will be moved to the mempool

  3. How do stale blocks occur?
    Due to two miners mining a block at the same time, one of both will go stale.

  4. Why is it important to wait for more than one block to be confirmed when sending or receiving a transaction?
    It is better to wait for 6 new blocks because that will ensure that the block containing your transaction is dropped.

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