Homework on Stale Blocks

Blockchain and Bitcoin 101
#3451

  1. Blockchain will split, eventually of them one with longer chain with more blocks will stay and the other one will be dropped back to mempool

  2. Stale block is the second one from the situation described above (the one which is first accepted and then dropped back to mempool)

  3. When two miners solve block at the same time, after time one of them will become stale block (one with shorter chain build on it)

  4. To make sure that block was definitely accepted and not dropped back to mempool

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#3452

Homework - Stale Blocks
Bitcoin Basics

What happens in the bitcoin network when two miners solve a block at the same time?
Two versions of truth are created, the chain splits.
What is a stale block?
The one version, of the recently split in two versions, that is being deleted is called stale block or sometimes orphaned block.
How do stale blocks occur?
When the other version has become longer through a fast miner creating a new block ontop of that chain. The transactions are moved to the mempool and this stale block is removed from existance.
Why is it important to wait for more than one block to be confirmed when sending or receiving a transaction?
Because it might be the case that my block is the block that will be dropped

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#3453

  1. What happens in the bitcoin network when two miners solve a block at the same time?
    The miner with the longer block will win

  2. What is a stale block?
    Is a block that was dropped and returned to the mempool

  3. How do stale blocks occur?
    Stale blocks occur after two miners mine a block at the same time and the smaller block gets dropped and returned to the mempool

  4. Why is it important to wait for more than one block to be confirmed when sending or receiving a transaction
    *6 confirmations is recommended to guarantee that the block wont become an orphan. *

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#3454

  1. Until the complete number of 6 verifications are fulfilled, both these blocks can exist, both of them being correct and valid. Once one of the miners’ blockchain receives one unmore confirmation and another added solved block, then that becomes the longest chain making the other one obsolete (stale).

  2. Stale block is a solved block with valid transactions, however due to lack of verifications it dit not get to proceed to be part of the whole blockchain, therefore they remain unprocessed (goes back to mempool).

  3. Stale blocks occur when a blockchain starts to develop without the necessary amount of verifications and when solving blocks becomes too easy and fast - i.e. the miners do not wait until all six verifications are obtained or the speed of solving blocks is so fast that new solved blocks are being added quickly to other miner’s blocks.

  4. That would ensure that the transaction is added to a block that is further being included in the blockchain which is being built upon even further instead of being confirmed by one or two miners but becoming stale if there are other miners adding solved blocks to the blockchain elsewhere.

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#3455

1. What happens in the bitcoin network when two miners solve a block at the same time?
Both blocks are accepted by the network, and it is split into separate chains.
2. What is a stale block?
Stale blocks are previously valid transactions on the shorter chain which have now been dropped.
3. How do stale blocks occur?
When additional blocks are added to split chains, the longer one will be accepted, and the shorter one will be removed and those transactions are sent back to the mempool.
4. Why is it important to wait for more than one block to be confirmed when sending or receiving a transaction?
To verify that the block is added to the longest chain that is accepted by the network, and not a stale block that gets removed.

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#3456
  1. Both blocks are appended to the blockchain, and the new state for each one of them is propagated to the closest nodes, thus we have a temporary bifurcation of the blockchain. Only the one that gets the next block however will survive, since the blockchain always keeps the longest chain, and the other block, along with all the fees, will be discarded.
  2. A stale block is a block that, although valid, gets rejected by the network.
  3. Stale blocks can occur when they are temporarily appended to the blockchain, but are discarded afterwards due to having another version of the blockchain at the same state epoch.
  4. It is important to wait for multiple confirmations (rule of thumb is 6) because the more confirmations, the longest the chain becomes, thus the more the chances that the block containing the transaction will survive as the only transaction path.
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#3457

  • What happens in the bitcoin network when two miners solve a block at the same time?
    Both blocks at that time will be considered valid. Each miner will then begin to propagate their block to all the nearest nodes.

  • What is a stale block?
    A stale block is a block that was valid at one time, but the network went with a different block as the truth and the stale block is invalidated.

  • How do stale blocks occur?
    When the network goes with another (longest) blockchain, blocks that didn’t make it are stale blocks.

  • Why is it important to wait for more than one block to be confirmed when sending or receiving a transaction?
    By waiting 6 blocks, you can be reasonably sure that “all” nodes on the network are accepting the transaction as confirmed.

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#3458
  1. What happens in the bitcoin network when two miners solve a block at the same time? Both blocks are sent out to the network as validated.
  2. What is a stale block? A stale block is a block that is been invalidated even though it was at one point validated within the chain.
  3. How do stale blocks occur? They occur when 2 miners validate two blocks at roughly the same time and send the blocks out to the nodes. When the next block is validated and added to the chain, the block that it was built on remains in the chain and the other block becomes invalidated and the transactions moved back to the mempool.
  4. Why is it important to wait for more than one block to be confirmed when sending or receiving a transaction? To ensure the chain is validated and that the block containing your transactions does not get invalidated and returned to the mempool.
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#3459
  1. The block chain version that’s longest will be accepted, the other will be dropped.
  2. A block that get’s dropped and added back to the mempool.
  3. When two blocks are solved by different miners at the same time, and a third miner comes along and adds to one, or the other’s block, it creates a longer block chain for one of the two blocks solved simultaneously. Since the network will only recognize the longest chain, the shorter of the two block chains gets dumped back into the mempool, and this is the stale/orphaned block.
  4. To minimize the potential for creating stale/orphaned blocks.
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#3460

  1. If two miners produce a block at exactly the same time then their nodes will propagate to their nearest networks and so on and two versions of the truth will be circulated. Both blocks are valid at this point. Sooner or later there will be another miner who tries to add their block to the blockchain and it will be based on one of the two blocks that were produced at the same time. This block, on the blockchain the next miner received as current, will be added and longer than the other competing blockchain and the competing blockchain will be removed from the network because the network accepts the blockchain with the most proof of work. All transactions in the losing block will be invalidated and returned to the mempool.

  2. Stale blocks are blocks that existed as valid in the blockchain at one point in time.

  3. Stale blocks occur when a block is dropped because it was invalidated by a longer blockchain with more proof of work.

  4. Industry best practice is to wait at least six block confirmations for transaction validation because a transaction may be mined in a block that ultimately gets dropped from the blockchain if there has been another blockchain with nodes that performed a larger proof of work resulting in a longer blockchain.

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#3461

  1. Both blocks will propagate throughout bitcoins blockchain network. Different nodes may have differing copies of the blockchain I.e. the last block or two may differ.

  2. It is a legitimate block that has been rejected from network.

  3. Stale blocks are not part of the longest blockchain and get rejected by the network. Blocks get mined at the same time and then the next block gets added to one of the two blockchains, which becomes the blockchain for the whole network, with the shorter one discarded.

  4. To ensure that the transaction doesn’t form part of a stale block and go to the mempool.

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#3462
  1. one is dropped and one become the official block.
    2, a valid block that has been dropped for another longer version of the truth
  2. when 2 are solved at the same time, with correct data but one if longer.
  3. because the first (albeit valid) block could still get dropped. best practice to wait for a further 6 blocks to be verified.
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#3463

  1. What happens in the bitcoin network when two miners solve a block at the same time?
    If two miners create blocks at the same time and they are both valid and propagated round the network. But, one of those will become stale depending on which chain is added to next.

  2. What is a stale block?
    A stale block is a valid block but one that has not been added too (confirmed). The Tx within the block are returned to the Mempool.

  3. How do stale blocks occur?
    When two miners create valid blocks at roughly the same time and start propagating it – there are then multiple chains which will be consolidated when one of them is confirmed.

  4. Why is it important to wait for more than one block to be confirmed when sending or receiving a transaction?
    To allow the network to reach consensus by selecting and building on the most difficult chain.

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#3464
  1. if two valid blocks are added at the end of the same chain, the first that is used for the subsequent block is leading. In a way that the longest chain is more valid in terms of difficulty/lowest nonces
  2. A block that was valid but is in a shorter chain. This block will be removed and transactions are send to the mempool
  3. If two blocks are created and the end of the same chain, the right to exist is destroyed by the other longer chain. In terms of difficulty/nonces
  4. If the chain that contains the stale block is confirmed, the loosing chain will send its TXs to the mempool.
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#3465

  1. All the nodes get different truths. And what determines which of these two blocks that will be added into the blockchain, is which block a third miner is using. The network accepts the longest blockchain.

  2. It’s a block that’s being rejected when another block was made at the exact time.

  3. This can occur if two miners solved the puzzle at the same time and added their block. The block that’s being rejected is called Stale block.

  4. To make sure that the block won’t drop from the chain.

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#3466

  1. What happens in the bitcoin network when two miners solve a block at the same time?
    When two miners solve the cryptographic puzzle simultaneously, the network adjusts / awards the winner at a time when your version of truth / node consensus is validated by more Nodes than the other, competing version of the truth. There can be only one truth, so the slower solutions is deleted from the system. There is a “Rule of Thumb” to await for 6 node confirmations before feeling that you have won the Block. Further, there is a time criteria of about 10-minutes per block.

  2. What is a stale block?
    a/k/a Orphaned Block or Dropped Blocks are blocks that have not been validated by the Network / Ecosystem, are not awarded the Block Award or the Fees associated with the correct solving of the cryptographic puzzle. Basically a block that is not “Universally Node Accepted”.

  3. How do stale blocks occur?
    When two competing miners get a valid answer at the same time, the loosing miner, block / a block that is not “Universally Node Accepted” becomes the stale / orphaned block and the information in that block is then sent back to the MemPool.

  4. Why is it important to wait for more than one block to be confirmed when sending or receiving a transaction? knowing / confirming that your block is universally node accepted means that your version of truth is network accepted and will be attached to the longest chain within the ecosystem. The validation, proof of work gets you the block awards and the transaction fee.

rjr
2021-03-06T05:00:00Z

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#3467
  1. Another temporary fork of chane appears.
  2. Stale blocks are droped blocks from shortest b. chane.
  3. Stale blocks occurs when two or more miners resolves the block at the same time.
  4. To be sure that you are on the longest chane and not on the stale block that gonna be droped.
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#3468

1.The chain with the longest blocks will be valide and the other block will become a stale
2. A block that gets dropped bc the other chain has more PoW
3. When theres to different chains, the one with the more block will stay and the other one will drop to the mempool.
4. to be sure that you dont get dropped to the mempool

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#3469

  1. It splits the the chain and as soon as another miner solved, blockchain will take the longest chain and will dropped the shortest one.

  2. Block completed

  3. Stale or orphand occurs when the miner solved the nonce which will be dropped in order to solved another.

  4. Important in order to minimized under 10 minutes the issue with the stale. We should wait 6 confirmed blocks TX in case of two solves block inn the same time.

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#3470

  1. What happens in the bitcoin network when two miners solve a block at the same time?
    at first, the closest nod’s to each of the two miners get’s his version. then, they start mining the next block on the previous block. the first of the two blocks that is get appended he get’s to be the block that will stay in the blockchain. because the sistem accept the longer chain. all the nod’s that had the other block, will drop it and accept the true version of the blockchain.

  2. What is a stale block?
    stale block is ablock that did not get appended to the blockchain and had to be dropped.

  3. How do stale blocks occur?
    stale block occur as a result of two miners solved a block on the same time. the stale block is the block that dropped because the sistem chose the loger version. in short: it’s a block that for a short time was on the blockchain, and then dropped.

  4. Why is it important to wait for more than one block to be confirmed when sending or receiving a transaction?
    for the reason that your tx might was on a stale block and need to be picked up from the mempool again.

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