Homework on Stale Blocks

Transaction is confirmed as soon as it gets mined and blocks are mined every 10 minutes. 6 confirmations would be 5 more consecutive blocks are added, which is approximately 1 hour. This is a rule of thumb though and if you’re not sending larger funds don’t have to worry that much, but it is recommended in case the block becomes stale and the transaction gets unconfirmed or dropped back to the mempool. :slight_smile:

  1. Two different valid blocks will be circulating on nodes that are nearest to them.

  2. A valid block not accepted to the blockchain.

  3. Stale blocks occur because a different valid block was chosen to be added to the blockchain.

  4. To be sure your transaction was not dropped in a stale block.

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  1. There will be parallel chains, and when the longest chain gets picked up by an additional miner, the other chain will be sent back to the mempool.

  2. A block that was sent back to the mempool

  3. When there is two parallel chains being mined and one chain is not accepted/validated by the network

  4. To make sure transactions are accepted/validated into the blockchain network

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  1. The mined blocks will begin to propagate across the network simultaneously and create 2 parallel, competing blockchains. This will go on until, eventually, one of the chains is chosen by the network.

  2. A stale block is a valid block that has been dropped by the network for being on a weaker version of the blockchain.

  3. By one(or more) block(s) being mined at the exact same time as another block and consequently being erased from existence for not existing on the longer chain.

  4. Because your transaction could have been added to a block that will become stale, thus, voiding your transaction. The more confirmations you have after your transaction, the safer it is.

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  1. What happens in the bitcoin network when two miners solve a block at the same time?
    -Only one miner can solve the block so one will be disregarded and the transactions will be returned to the mempool, the one with the most proof of work will be propagated through the network.

  2. What is a stale block?
    -A stale block is a term used to describe an “orphan” block that was not used because an opposing miner’s block was added to the blockchain.

  3. How do stale blocks occur?
    -Stale blocks occur when another miner is able to solve the block quicker or has more proof of work.

  4. Why is it important to wait for more than one block to be confirmed when sending or receiving a transaction?
    -It’s important to wait preferably for 6 blocks to be confirmed because theres a chance that your transaction is added to a block that may become stale and will return to the mempool.

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1.What happens in the bitcoin network when two miners solve a block at the same time?
The nodes closest to each miner will take the block as being the next block. Two different chaines are formed. As more blocks are added, the chain with the most engagement from miners will be picked as the real one. The other one is dropped and all transactions are reversed.

2.What is a stale block?
A droped block.

3.How do stale blocks occur?
See above.

4.Why is it important to wait for more than one block to be confirmed when sending or receiving a transaction?
Is important in order to avoid being in a stale block. As more blocks are mined it becomes clear that the current chain is not to be dropped.

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  • What happens in the bitcoin network when two miners solve a block at the same time?
    Initially it gets recorded but eventually the one with the longest connection will win. The other one will be dropped.

  • What is a stale block?
    Stale block is the block that has been dropped due the the above situation.

  • How do stale blocks occur?
    Stay blocks happen when the system can only keep one version of truth and they were dropped on the blockchain.

  • Why is it important to wait for more than one block to be confirmed when sending or receiving a transaction?
    Ivan mentions that one should wait for at least six following blocks are confirmed to ensure the the block is truly accepted and that your block has not been dropped to become the stale block.

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  1. The two blocks will propagate their version of the truth. However one of the blockchain will be longer then the other. In this case the blockchain with the shorter blocks will be dropped by the network. The selection of the longest blockchain is not just based on the longest chain but also the ones with most proof of work (difficulty level).

  2. Stale blocks/orphan blocks occurs when the the blockchain with a valid transactions is dropped from the network.

  3. This is to avoid the occurrence of a transaction being invalidated/dropped. It gives time for a confirmation that the block have synchronize with the networks blockchain.

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  1. What happens in the bitcoin network when two miners solve a block at the same time?
  • Two parallel chains will be created however only the one with the longest connection will be accepted and the other one will be dropped and sent back to the mempool
  1. What is a stale block?
  • A block that has been dropped and sent back to the mempool
  1. How do stale blocks occur?
  • Stale blocks occur when two different miners confirm a block at the same time. The block that the network chooses to build on will be confirmed and the block that is not chosen will be dropped and sent back to the mempool
  1. Why is it important to wait for more than one block to be confirmed when sending or receiving a transaction?
    -To confirm that your block is added into the blockchain and is not a stale block
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  1. A run starts and new blocks are mined. Eventually, the longest of the two chained is maintained and the other is dropped. All transactions of the stale blocks go back in the mempool
  2. A stale block is a block that was correctly mined but was dropped because the blockchain didn’t develop on it but on another that was simultaneously mined.
  3. When two blocks are mined at the same time and propagate through the network. For a short period there is disagreement on the history. Eventually one chain gets longer than the other and it’s kept as the valid blockchain.
  4. To ensure that it is not a stale block
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  1. A temporary fork in the blockchain will occur. However one block will win and the other be became stale.

  2. A stale block is a block that was validate and confirmed on blockchain but was dropped for a block that had more POW value. The stale block goes to the mempool awaiting to be confirmed again.

3.Stale blocks occur due to two miners mining a block at the same time. There is a temporary fork and then the block that has more POW values is chosen to appended on the chain. The stale block goes to mempool awaiting to be mined and confirmed.

  1. Its important to allow some time to pass for one to be confirmed six times as to assure that a block doesn’t became stale.
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  1. What happens in the bitcoin network when two miners solve a block at the same time?
    The blocks are added to blockchain and propagated amongst the nodes nearest to each miner. Both of these blocks are valid entries to the chain, but only one version of the block chain can continue to exist. The version of the blockchain which will continue to exist is the one that is built upon most by consecutive miners, ie should Block A and Block B both be accepted, if A had three subsequent blocks added following it, and B had one, A would become the true block chain, as the network will always choose the longest chain.

  2. What is a stale block?
    A stale block is a block that was once accepted on the blockchain concurrently with another block, but failed to have enough subsequent blocks added to it and thus became redundant.

  3. How do stale blocks occur?
    Less miners use it to produce subsequent blocks compared to the block it was competing with and thus it becomes redundant.

  4. Why is it important to wait for more than one block to be confirmed when sending or receiving a transaction?
    In case the block which recorded your transaction is competing with another block to become the accepted version of the block chain, and no longer is at risk of becoming a stale block.

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  1. What happens in the bitcoin network when two miners solve a block at the same time?
  • two legitimate blocks can be produced at the same time and propagated and accepted by closest nodes, both will have supplied the correct target number, however each will contain different data.
  1. What is a stale block?
  • stale block, also known as orphan block, is a block that has been dropped from the network in favor of a better one
  1. How do stale blocks occur?
  • with multiple legitimate blocks being produced. At some stage one blockchain will be added to and grow in data making it more desireable, resulting in the remaining block/blockchain being dropped from the network and transactions put back in the mempool
  1. Why is it important to wait for more than one block to be confirmed when sending or receiving a transaction?
  • in case of multiple legitimate blocks being produced and transactions being returned to the mempool. Once more blocks (6 confirmations) is is assumed safe to have rediept of funds
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  1. What happens in the bitcoin network when two miners solve a block at the same time?
  • two legitimate blocks can be produced at the same time and propagated and accepted by closest nodes, both will have supplied the correct target number, however each will contain different data.
  1. What is a stale block?
  • stale block, also known as orphan block, is a block that has been dropped from the network in favor of a better one
  1. How do stale blocks occur?
  • with multiple legitimate blocks being produced. At some stage one blockchain will be added to and grow in data making it more desireable, resulting in the remaining block/blockchain being dropped from the network and transactions put back in the mempool
  1. Why is it important to wait for more than one block to be confirmed when sending or receiving a transaction?
  • in case of multiple legitimate blocks being produced and transactions being returned to the mempool. Once more blocks (6 confirmations) is is assumed safe to have rediept of funds
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  1. What happens in the bitcoin network when two miners solve a block at the same time?

Two versions of the blockchain exist with two legitimate blocks at the same time on different nodes.

  1. What is a stale block?

A stale block (or orphan block) is a block that was legitimate but later on dropped because of another fork got confirmed first.

  1. How do stale blocks occur?

Two miners may finish mining a block at the same time, so that different nodes get a different block before the other one could propagate through the network.

  1. Why is it important to wait for more than one block to be confirmed when sending or receiving a transaction?

Because a block could become orphaned. It’s important to wait for some following blocks that confirm the transaction.

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1.) When two miners solve a block there are 2 versions of the blockchain, they propagate to the closest nodes untill they meet each other and find out that their truth wasnt the one that might be the one. Little matrix moment for the nodes right there…

2.) + 3.) a stale block is a block that was dropped because there was another block linked to the same previous block and it may also have another block behind it. the longest chain gets approved. the old truth gets dumped. creating a stale block. the transactions with in that block return to the mempool waiting to be picked up by another miner to be verified, hashed and linked. If that one gets dropped again the process repeats.

4.) it is important to wait a few blocks so that the whole chain behind the block that contains your transaction doesnt get dropped. if it does, your transaction will have to be remined, rehashed, and relinked to be confirmed. waiting for a few more blocks to verify and be linked in the chain. now being the one and only truth, forever.

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  1. When two miners solve a block at the same time, the block with most PoW, the longest blockchain will be appended and confirmed block on the blockchain.

  2. Stale block is fully valid block that miners have successfully mined the UTXOs into a new block, but which has not been appended to the blockchain and got dropped/orphaned and returned to the mempool.

  3. Stale blocks occur when miners mine blocks at around same time and only one block with most PoW gets accepted while all the other fully valid blocks get dropped.

  4. It is important due to the case of a stale or orphaned block occurring. It is recommended to wait for 6 conformations to be sure the block is confirmed on the blockchain.

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  1. When two miners solve a block at the same time then both blocks will be added to the blockchain, then, depending on which block the next miners chooses and which block the network continue mining, the shortest chain will be rejected and the longest will continue.

  2. A stale block is a block that once was approved but then rejected due to another faster growing chain.

  3. A stale block occurs when two blocks are solved at the same time and added to the blockchain. Only one chain can win, meaning that the other will be rejected.

  4. It is important to wait for more than one block to be confirmed when sending or receiving a transaction because it could be possible for that chain to be divided, and you don’t want to become the stale block. Waiting for at least 6 blocks to be added past your block is a good measurement to be sure that it is truly confirmed.

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  1. What happens in the bitcoin network when two miners solve a block at the same time?
    They both begin to propagate the block across the network. The next block begins to form on each of the two and the one that forms fastest becomes the longest blockchain. The other is ignoring and becomes stale.

  2. What is a stale block?
    A block that was once part of the blockchain but is no longer a valid part.

  3. How do stale blocks occur?
    When two valid blocks are formed at the same time but one becomes obsolete because it is shorter it forms a stale block.

  4. Why is it important to wait for more than one block to be confirmed when sending or receiving a transaction?
    To ensure that a confirmed transaction is not part of a stale block. If it wasn’t, the transaction would be placed back in the mempool and not yet be confirmed.

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  1. What happens in the bitcoin network when two miners solve a block at the same time?

The blocks remain at the same height until the network sees that one chain has more proof of work than the other.

  1. What is a stale block?

These are valid blocks that were part of the blockchain at one point, but were dropped due to another “version” of the blockchain having more proof of work.

  1. How do stale blocks occur?

The network accepts and builds upon the longest chain i.e the chain with the most proof of work, and the blocks in the shorter chain become stale and return to the mempool.

  1. Why is it important to wait for more than one block to be confirmed when sending or receiving a transaction?

Because the block that contains your transaction could become stale.

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