Homework on Stale Blocks

These blocks will occur, you can’t really do much about it. The reason why the user should wait is in case his transaction is part of a stale block. :slight_smile:

  1. What happens in the bitcoin network when two miners solve a block at the same time?
    Those 2 blocks mined at the same time can coexist for a while and can be seen by the miners but everyone from the nodes closer to him. The 2 blocks compete between each other, till we got a winner block.

  2. What is a stale block?
    It’s a block on the chain, but it was dropped because it was add to the chain at the same time with another block, then the miners continued the chain from the other block.

  3. How do stale blocks occur?
    They were valid blocks, but not valid anymore due to the adoption of the other block, so they are abandoned blocks.

  4. Why is it important to wait for more than one block to be confirmed when sending or receiving a transaction?
    To reduce the risk of having stale blocks.

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  1. The network appends the block to the longest chain of blocks

  2. The block that was not part of the longest chain of blocks when a block got confirmed because it was on a ‘losing’ miner is known as a stale block

  3. When two miners compete to put their blocks into the blockchain and a third miner brings his block but basis his block on the first of the other two miners blocks, the blockchain accepts the longest of the two as correct one always. The miners block that was not accepted becomes a stale block

  4. To ensure that your transaction does not end up in a stale block and is always part of the longest chain of blocks

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  1. One of the blocks will eventually be dropped and put back into mempool.
  2. A stale block is a block that gets dropped/rejected by the blockchain.
  3. When mining difficulty is too low and miners thus produce several blocks at the same time.
  4. It’s important to keep the block time at ten minutes, otherwise the network would have to increase its synchronicity due to many blocks trying to be appended to the blockchain at the same time.
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These blocks will occur, you can’t really do much about it. The reason why the user should wait is in case his transaction is part of a stale block. :slight_smile:

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  1. Each chain is validated throughout the network, mines work on the next block, when the next block is found, it is appended to whichever chain that miner received first, the longer chain is then broadcasted. The unused block in the other chain is dropped and returned to the mempool.
  2. The block from three unused chain described in question 1 is called a stale block.
  3. ^^
  4. To defend against parallel mined chains and stake blocks, to make sure your transaction isnt in a block that becomes stale and gets dropped.
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  1. They each start spreading that blockchain to different nodes. people can then begin to mine off the nodes with a different last block. It then becomes a race to find the next block for both forms of the blockchain, as the longer one will make the other blockchain irrelevant.
  2. The blocks that were once accepted by nodes, but get dismissed due to longer blockchain.
  3. When two miners solve a block at the same time. Once one chain becomes longer, all the blocks on the other chain are stale blocks after the split.
  4. To ensure that your transaction wasn’t confirmed on a stale block.
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1-> both blocks will accepted and construct 2 chains until one of the chains is longer, the shortest chain will be dropped and the invalid transactions will be resend to the mempool

2-> Stale blocks are block who dropped out of the chain

3-> Stale blocks occur out of a chain who has occur out of a double founded block who created at the same time and created 2 chains, one of the chains is getting sooner or later dropped because of the length and the blocks in that same chain are dropped and called Stale blocks

4-> the longer you wait the higher is the chance that the block is completly valid with out getting dropped

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  1. What happens in the bitcoin network when two miners solve a block at the same time? Two versions of truth (blockchains) will start to develop but one with the higher difficulty will win and become a part of the blockchain.
  2. What is a stale block? It is the block not accepted by the network.
  3. How do stale blocks occur? They occur during two versions of the truth - two miners have mined to different blocks at the same time.
  4. Why is it important to wait for more than one block to be confirmed when sending or receiving a transaction? 10 min is usually enough time for the network to decide which blocks are valid and a part of the blockain - a good practice is to wait 6 confirmations in order to be sure that your transaction is really a part of the blockacahin.
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  1. The chain forks. Whichever fork is worked on next will become the new blockchain.

  2. Stale blocks are the blocks where the chain split, but that fork was not chosen, that block was not built upon

  3. Stale bocks occur when 2 miners finish blocks that contain a duplicate transaction.

  4. To make sure the chain is secure and correct and accurate.

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Does it matter if the clocks of the network are out of synch? what if a computer gets a time synch wrong and now does not know when the 10 minute interval is up and fires earlier or later?

  1. When two miners solve a block at the same time two valid blocks are created. The next block to be mined will determine which of the two blocks remains as part of the valid blockchain based on which of the two blocks are part of the newly created one.

  2. A stale block is a once valid block that is no longer valid.

  3. Stale blocks occur when the next block is created and it doesn’t link back to one of the two last simultaneously created blocks the one with no link becomes a stale block that is no longer referred to.

  4. Its important to try and let 6 confirmations go by before making more transactions because it lessens the likelyhood of your transactions reverting in the creation of an orphaned block which can then be replaced by another block. It could save you from an error possibly.

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There is a time window under which the block timespamp is not an issue so as long as the time is not to much out of sync this is not an issue, at least not on Bitcoin particularly, blockchains like Ethereum are more strict.

The 10 min interval is an approximation since there is no way of knowing when exactly the hash will be found, it can take 7 min or 15 minutes. The difficulty adjusts based on the average over 2016 blocks. :slight_smile:

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  1. What happens in the bitcoin network when two miners solve a block at the same time?
    The block with the shortest chain is dropped from the network. Only the block with longest chain with highest difficulty is retain
  2. What is a stale block?
    A stale block is the block that is dropped out of the chain. The TX are return in mempool list
  3. How do stale blocks occur?
    Two competing valid blocks are mined at the same time. One get propagated faster and attached to the chain longer than the chain to which another block with slower propagation is attached. The block attached to shortest chain is dropped and becomes orphan blocks
  4. Why is it important to wait for more than one block to be confirmed when sending or receiving a transaction?
    To ensure that your block is dropped or orphan
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Two versions of the blockchain are created.

Stale block is when a valid block is not accepted by the network and its transactions are returned to the mempool.

When different miners submit validated blocks to the network at the same time it occurs a situation where two or more versions of the blockchain are created. The version which gets accepted by the network is the fastest growing one at which point all other new blocks are not accepted and transactions returned in the mempool.

It’s important to wait one or more blocks to be confirmed because otherwise there is a possibility the block and transaction to be returned.

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  1. What happens in the bitcoin network when two miners solve a block at the same time?
    The network accepts the block with most POW. So block on which next miners done more work already. Other Block(s) will be dropped.(Stale block)
  2. What is a stale block?
    Block which was dropped. At the same time there was another block produced and accepted and more mining was done on it, so blockchain on that block has more POW and Network accepted it.
  3. How do stale blocks occur?
    When there are two blocks created at the same time.
  4. Why is it important to wait for more than one block to be confirmed when sending or receiving a transaction?
    To secure that our transaction is not on stale block, so not added to the blockchain and returned to mempool.
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1- The blockchain will fork and then the longest added blockchain will be kept and the other one will be dropped(orphaned)

2-The stale block is the shortest blockchain that will be dropped because another longer blockchain has been accepted, stale block is called orphan as well.

3-Stale blocks occurs where two blockchains arre added to the same existing blockchain so in this case of these 2 new added blockchain will be dropped which is the shortest one.

4-It is important to wait for more than one block to make sure that the added block won’t be dropped.

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  1. Then the longest blockchain will win. That means the block with the most POW
  2. A stale block is a block that was ones in the blockchain but the got dropped because the nodes got a better version of the truth (a longer blockchain)
  3. Stale blocks occur when 2 blocks are added to the blockchain at the same time.
  4. To make sure that your transaction is not in a block that gets dropped (stale block) The best is to wait for 6 confirmations after your transaction so that you are sure that you don’t have a stale block
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  1. What happens in the bitcoin network when two miners solve a block at the same time?
    • The network splits because there is more than one valid block (nonces in both new blocks are valid)
  2. What is a stale block?
    • A stale block is a valid block with a compliant nonce (below target) which is not confirmed and its transactions are sent back to the mem pool
  3. How do stale blocks occur?
    • More than one miner produces valid but different blocks at the point of the new block production.
    • The miner whose block sees 6 valid blocks propagate is confirmed because the longest blockchain wins (6 is best practice)
    • Stale blocks are those blocks which do not get confirmed and their transactions are sent back to the mem pool because fewer blocks were produced after it.
  4. Why is it important to wait for more than one block to be confirmed when sending or receiving a transaction?
    • The process of waiting for subsequent blocks to be produced is required for the block to be confirmed where the longest chain wins and the new blocks on shorter chains are added back to the mem pool
    • Without this process the block chain would keep propagating more and more splits.
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  1. The longest chain will win and the shortest will be dropped.
  2. A block that was orphaned or dropped on the block chain
    3they occur because a block was once valid. TWO BLOCKS WERE PRODUCED AT THE SAME TIME. ONE was excepted as the version of the truth and excepted by the network. The other was dropped.
  3. 6 confirmations is best practice to make sure the transactions are not dropped from the block chain.
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