Homework on Stale Blocks

Blockchain and Bitcoin 101
#2009
  1. The chain splits into two valid ends.
  2. A block that was dropped from the blockchain due to an occurrence of a fork.
  3. They occur when two miners mine a valid block approximately at the same time.
  4. In case of the occurrence of two chains, once one chain is accepted as the main chain, the transactions of the loosing chain are returned back to the mempool.
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#2010
  1. Let’s say - alternative chains are created temporarily for both miners until they would find out which chain is longer. The block which is included in the shorter chain becomes a stale block, and the whole “sidechain” after this stale block is discarded, then the chain reconnects back to the longest chain it knows. I think… :face_with_raised_eyebrow:

2.Block which is discarded by the network after some time and transactions on it going back to menpool.

  1. Answered in question 1.

  2. To be sure that our transaction is part of the longest chain.

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#2011
  1. What happens in the bitcoin network when two miners solve a block at the same time?
  • when two miners solve a same block at a same time for the time being some nodes will consider miner As mined Block valid and some will consider miner Bs mined block valid but at the end now the block in blockchain will choose only one block out of those two block whichever block is chosen by the next miner will be added permanent in the blockchain the block which was mined earlier but now does not belong in the longest blockchain will be canceled its knows as stalled or orphaned block which didnt got accepted and all the transection in that block will be send to the mempool and those transection will be then picked by the miners if not already.
  1. What is a stale block?
  • if two miners solve a block at a same time then only one will be accepted and one won’t be now the one which is not accepted is called a stale block.
  1. How do stale blocks occur?
  • when two miner solve a block at a same time then one of them becomes a stale block.
  1. Why is it important to wait for more than one block to be confirmed when sending or receiving a transaction?
  • because it is possible the block in which your transection is accepted becomes a stale block and then your transection gets transferred back to mempool . and you might’ve wait more for the confirmation .
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#2012
  1. the block with the most proof of work will get propagated (so if another miner has already mined a block based on one of the blocks, that blockchain will be propagated and the other block will be rejected and the transactions will go back to the mempool
  2. It’s a rejected block
  3. They occur when another chain of blocks have solved the puzzle first and thus got propagated on the chain
  4. because your transaction could sit on a stale block that will be rejected
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#2013
  1. What happens in the bitcoin network when two miners solve a block at the same time?
    They both begin to propagate and build their network with other nodes.
  2. What is a stale block?
    When multiple miners solve the block at the same time and the losing block(s) is not confirmed but rather join the mempool.
  3. How do stale blocks occur?
    When multiple miners solve the block at the same time
  4. Why is it important to wait for more than one block to be confirmed when sending or receiving a transaction?
    Because it is possible that some blocks may get canceled.
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#2014

1 What happens in the bitcoin network when two miners solve a block at the same time?
Miners will be allocated the closest nodes according to their region, thus producing 2 verified truths of the blocks. For the blocks to be confirmed it totally depends on the next miner to pick it up and continue eventually the network will pick the longest blockchain to win thus dropping the or orphaning the shortest blockchain.

2 What is a stale block?

A Blockchain that has been orphaned or dropped and sent to the mempool because it has a shorter chain compared to the other set of blockchain

3 How do stale blocks occur?

When there are 2 versions of the truths (both verified and legit) produced on the network, the network chooses the longest set of Blockchain thus sending the shortest to the mempool which is called a stale block.

4 Why is it important to wait for more than one block to be confirmed when sending or receiving a transaction?

Because your transaction could be orphaned because it does not have enough confirmations.

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#2015

  1. Both can be accepted, if both hashes of they solve the “puzzle”, but only one will survive in the long run…

  2. A stale block is a block accepted to the chain, but later dropped dropped.

  3. Stale blocks are dropped if other blocks are added to faster. Another miner could come and add a block to the other block at faster pace, and then another to that, etc. The network will take the longest chain and drop the shorter one (orphan/stale).

  4. New blocks added approximately 10 minutes apart, so other blocks could potentially be added to a competing block faster, then another to that one. This would create a longer chain than the one being dropped (stale block). By waiting 6 blocks, its fairly safe to say it will remain (we’ll now within an hour at the rate of new blocks if being added each 10 minutes) because it has a chance to make it’s way through the network of nodes and be accepted.

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#2016
  1. What happens in the bitcoin network when two miners solve a block at the same time?
    • The block that goes to the longest blockchain will enter. The other will become an orphaned.
  2. What is a stale block?
    • It’s an orphan block that did not make it into the blockchain.
  3. How do stale blocks occur?
    • When 2 miners create a block at the same time.
  4. Why is it important to wait for more than one block to be confirmed when sending or receiving a transaction?
    • It’s important since they can help you understand how confident you can be when making a transaction.
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#2017

1.What happens in the bitcoin network when two miners solve a block at the same time?

It really depends on which block the first next miner choose to append their own block to.(probably the longer block)

so the one is chosen will continue mining and the other one will be removed and all the tx(s) will be

moved back to the mempool

2.What is a stale block?

Its a block that been dropped because hasn’t been chosen to be appended to because of having a shorter blockchain.

3.How do stale blocks occur?

sometimes two blocks are produced at the same time ,once the other miner add their block to one of them

and the other one gets rejected or ignored ,the ignored one will be removed from blockchain and gets stale or dropped.

4.Why is it important to wait for more than one block to be confirmed when sending or receiving a transaction?

just to make sure that your block doesn’t get dropped. :grinning:

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#2018
  1. the longest chain wins when the next block will be added to one of the forked blocks.
  2. block which is rejected/not valid. all transactions will be moved back to the mempool
  3. stale blocks occur when two “truth” blocks produced and will be resolved with the longer chain.
  4. just to make sure to not end up in a stale block
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#2019

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Answers

  1. 2 blockchains
  2. Dropped block
  3. When there are 2 blockchains, the blocks that are dropped in favor of the longer blockchain.
  4. To ensure block is used.
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#2020

1.As soon as a new miner choose one of them that chain is the longest = valid chain, the rest goes to mempool

  1. Stale block = Orphant block that did not win the puzzle.

  2. When another block gets faster anew next block, the shortest chain will move to mempool.

  3. 6 confirmations is best so you are sure that your transaction is in a legit block, so no stale block is happening!

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#2021

1.There are two versions of the truth and there can be only one. To determine which version is to be kept and which one drop depends on which of the two version does the next miner adds a new block. The network will always use the longest version, so that when it encounters the short version the network will drop it and the block that was last added will become orphan or stale, and all its transactions will be sent back to the Mempool again.

  1. It is a block that has been drop out of the network because it formed part of the blockchain that happens to be the shorter version of the truth.

  2. Stale blocks occur when the next miner adds a block to a different version of the competing blockchain, making the competing version of the blockchain longer than the version in which the Stale block was added to. The network will always take the longest version of the blockchain.

  3. Because we want to make sure that the block to which our transaction has been added has not become orphan or rejected by the network because of another longer version of the blockchain has been accepted instead.

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#2022

  1. They will both split and mine on (in their mind) the legit chain. But this is only temporary.

  2. A stale block is a block that was produced by a miner and appended to the blockchain but dropped because another block was produced and had the longer chain.

  3. When 2 miners mine the same block and append it to their version of the blockchain. Then the longest chain wins and the shorter chain block gets dropped and is categorized as a stale block.

  4. The finality of a bitcoin transaction is 6 confirmations. When 2 chains occur it can happen that the transactions in the shorter chain get dropped back into the mempool (they were in a stale block). So when you confirm transactions to fast it may become a problem if they were in a stale block.

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#2023
  1. The miner’s block with the shorter chain becomes stale and the longer one wins.
    2.blocks that were once on the bc but got dropped because there’s another version of the chain that is longer.
  2. Only one block can be upended and the amount of POW decides to pecking order. So the short chain’s block becomes stale.
  3. Best practice to wait for 6 confirmations in case a stale block occurs.
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#2024
  1. What happens in the bitcoin network when two miners solve a block at the same time? eventually another miner will mine a block and depending on which of the two chains that miner chooses to continue on that will determine source of truth and the one not chosen will be dropped and the tx will go back to the mempool
  2. What is a stale block? the dropped block of the “unchosen” chain
  3. How do stale blocks occur? when 2 miners mine at the same time one becomes “stale” because it is not the one selected by the fastest continuing miner.
  4. Why is it important to wait for more than one block to be confirmed when sending or receiving a transaction? you want to wait for 6 tx to be sure it is not a stale block that is dropped.
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#2025

1.the chain splits in two
2.it is the block that gets rejected because the other chain is longer
3.when a block was valid for a while and then gets dropped because an other block is accepted by the network
4.to be sure your block got accepted by the network

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#2026
  1. After next block mined, longer chain remains and previous block from different miner gets dropped.
  2. Valid block, but with no continuation. There already is longer chain in network.
  3. When two miners mine the same block at the same time.
  4. Because block with our transaction can be dropped.
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#2027

Homework - Stale Blocks

Each miner (A, B) sends their solved block to nodes on the network. At that point there are competing versions (fork) of the blockchain with some nodes using the block from miner A and some nodes using the block from miner B. The network will move forward choosing the block on which the next block is built (longest chain).

A stale block is a completed block that is dropped from the chain.

A stale block occurs when a multiple valid blocks are produced at approximately the same time. Continued from the previous answer, if the block from miner B is used (hash is included in next block) by miner C to complete the next block, the block produced by miner A will be discarded and is considered stale.

It is important to wait for multiple confirmation blocks (usually 6) to ensure the block you are care about (the one containing your transaction) is included in the “winning” (longest) chain.

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#2028

  1. The longest chain wins and the other block is orphaned

  2. A stale block is a orphaned block that is not added to the blockchain and the tx’s are returned to the mempool

  3. Stale blocks occur when competing longer blocks win and are added to the blockchain and the stale blocks are dropped due to the winning blockchain being longer

  4. By waiting for 6 confirmations so block is not dropped ensures tx confirmation

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