[1] Public and Private key:
A private key is a large random number that is generated by a computer system that is not to be shared. A public key is a number that is generated based on the value of the private key. This is a one way process, i.e. The private key value cannot be determined from the public key value.
[2] The 2 use-cases that public key cryptography can be be used for are:
(a) Digitally signing messages with your private key and then sending it to the recipient so that they can confirm using your public key that you indeed did send the message.
(b) Encrypting messages to send to another party by using that partyâs public key. When received, the individual would use their private key to decode the message.