Private keys are randomly generated extremely large ‘numbers’. According the the second link on how to create a bitcoin address by flipping a coin, this a 256 digit binary ‘code’ that is then converted to HEX 32 bit code. This 32 bit code is the private key. This encryption is essential for secure transactions on the blockchain.
The private key is the secret and secure address/key of the owner of said key that grants ownership to funds. The private key is essentially what syncs with the ledger data on the blockchain where the record of all transactions between privates keys is stored. Private keys are used for verification and authentication.
Public keys are generated from private keys using elliptical math formulas. The public keys are open to viewing by the public. The public keys are used for identification.
Public key cryptography can be used to encrypt private message xand bitcoin or cryptocurrency wallet addresses.