Homework on Provenance - Questions

Blockchain and Bitcoin 101
#3471

  1. Computer networks enable digital provenance by encrypting it in blockchain. What record enters blockchains never leaves it.

  2. It can be changed, deleted, swapped, rewritten (reverse blockchain ).

  3. You don’t need to trust 3rd party. You can check data by yourself on blockchain.
    If my English bad please correct me :slight_smile:

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#3472

  1. Having the network check the transaction before its approved, you have the assurance that the transaction is accurate and not forged by any means

  2. A normal database can have human errors wether it was by accident or not. Theres a central authority that has the power to manipulate it.

  3. It can show their clients the legitimacy of the service or product and it can facilitate and speed up the auditing process

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#3473

  1. How does blockchain enable digital provenance?
    As the blockchain does not allow for the removal or tampering with data, and this is visible in a public ledger, there is no need to trust third parties – one can simply verify this information by auditing the publically available information in the blockchain’s database.

  2. Why doesn’t a normal database bring the same provenance?
    A normal database is not immutable, nor is it public. Furthermore, the accounting and transactional layers are separate. For example, invoices are not directly linked to a firm’s accounts, this must be handled manually by professionals such as accountants.

  3. Why is digital provenance such a great benefit to many businesses?
    As businesses are not required to trust third parties. One example includes supply chains - businesses can track the origin of food or clothes by viewing the public ledger.

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#3474

  1. Blockchain technology enables digital provenance by accepting certain data and having other machines within the network able to verify that the data is correct.

  2. A normal database is centralized, meaning that all the information assumed correct is checked by one source, rather than a whole network of people/machines.

  3. Digital provenance is a great benefit to many businesses because it allows them to track down their items, supplies, ingredients, etc. in real time without relying on estimations.

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#3475
  1. By the blockchain having this public ledger where every transaction is transparent, where every decisions to add something to this ledger comes from a consensus and not from a centralized entity, making the system trustless(meaning we do not have to trust humans but we still have to trust the protocol and math, and those are verifiable), and entities participating to that consensus are financially incentives to be honest and financilly penalized if they are not, they cannot gain by being dishonest( unless they have more then 51% of the CPU power in the network), this creates an awesome environment to enable digital provenance.
  2. A “normal” database is centralized which comes with the problem of having to trust that centralized entity that takes decisions. In the current environment, there are a lot of separated centralized database which means that you not only have to trust one entity but all the other centralized entity that do business with that entity. That system require to have so much trust in it, but in this system it is really possible for entities to profit from cheating the system. It is actually possible for every entities to do so.
  3. It brings clarity to businesses as it makes it easier to verify informations, so they do not have to trust they can verify.
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#3476

Blockchain enables provenance by providing a distributed accounting of all events across that cannot be edited, only added to. Transactions must be verified across all nodes in the network before they are added. This allows for real time tracking and auditing of data. A normal database is centralized meaning the data exists in one location only, and can be edited which means it can be tampered with or changed. Digital provenance is a great benefit to businesses because it brings more value and efficiency to business processes. In processes that previously required a user or customer to trust something being a certain way or a certain outcome happening, blockchain removes the need for trust and builds tracking and verification into the process itself.

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#3477

  1. Storing every transaction that occurs in the supply chain of a product

  2. Because data in normal databases can be removed.

  3. Because no auditors are needed, all information gets verified in blockchain.

#3478
  1. Storing every change that takes place in the supply chain of a product
  2. Because data can be erased
  3. Because every transaction is verified so no auditors are needed
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#3479

  1. How does blockchain enable digital provenance?
    Provenance, which means the ability to track or be tracked is possible because of the permanent record created on a blockchain. Once a record has been entered, it remains on the blockchain permanently, making it possible to track/find at any time.

  2. Why doesn’t a normal database bring the same provenance?
    A normal database is not as temper proof as the blockchain. One person can delete a record on a normal database, but the same is not possible on the blockchain.

  3. Why is digital provenance such a great benefit to many businesses?
    Digital provenance makes it possible to integrate business records. Transaction and accounts can all be integrated and stored on the same blockchain, making them easy to access. Blockchain more or less readily avails audit data for a business, taking away the burden, time and cost of engaging in manual audits and reading receipts one by one. This is a huge boost to business accounting systems and overall financial prudence.

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#3480

Homework on Provenance - Questions

  1. How does blockchain enable digital provenance?

  2. Why doesn’t a normal database bring the same provenance?

  3. Why is digital provenance such a great benefit to many businesses?

  4. Because it records all transactions in an inalterable and immutable way on a public ledger, therefore being open and transparent for public auditing.

  5. Normal databases can be forged, altered, wiped off, i.e., they are not immutable nor, usually, open to the public (State ledgers, Company ledgers, State-Companies ledgers ( :smiley: ?)). Also, they have separate layers for accounting and transactional activities, turning them opaque to public scrutiny. Provenance in normal data bases relies on trust and many times they cannot be verified.

  6. By making transparent the accounting layer and the transactions layer, having an immutable record of the transactions and movements, it avoids the need for trust, since all elements in the blockchain can be traced and verified, therefore offering a transparent provenance. Allowing a wise man’s dictum to be true: “Don’t trust…. verify!” :smiley:

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#3481

1.Leave an unalterable record of each transaction made.

  1. Because it cannot be verified that it has not really been altered.

  2. For businesses the benefit would be the immediate, simpler and more efficient audit. It is also a safer way of doing business since you don’t have to trust the other party. But the greatest benefit is for consumers, since they are not ultimately exposed to being deceived by any brand or company.

TRANSPARENCY

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#3482

  1. It enables provenance because it forms an immutable chain of transaction, that is kept on a decentralized network of computers that all have to agree on the history in order to validate it.

  2. With normal databases the administrators and any individual who has access to the data could modify the data

  3. Businesses who have an entire supply chain participating in the blockchain could be verified completely, and thus could be attributed with a higher degree of trust. Note though, that we still have to rely on some human interaction to enter data onto the block chain. So the more actors in the supply chain entering in their data, the more verifiable it can be. If there is some level of the supply chain that is not entering in the data, then its not fully verifiable. For example in the example of the food supply chain, the ingredients need to be fully tracked, all the way down to the food growers, and even maybe the fertilizer manufacturer, etc, in order to really be certain of whats in the food. There is still room for an entity in the chain to enter in mis-information.

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#3483
  1. How does blockchain enable digital provenance?

-Transparency
-Public ledger
-Ability to trace all transactions

  1. Why doesn’t a normal database bring the same provenance?

-Trust based transactions
-Database can be manipulated or crashed

  1. Why is digital provenance such a great benefit to many businesses?

-Real time auditing
-Financial efficiency

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#3484

ability to trace AND… verify.

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#3485

  1. By the fact that it is a immutable record. You can only add data, not remove data.

  2. Because you can go back and change (distort) data in traditional databases.

  3. Huge reduction in costs when accounting is gotten rid of.
    Immutable proof of origin of your products.
    Removes the need for trust.

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#3486
  1. How does blockchain enable digital provenance?
    Blockchain gives authority to provenance by being a decentralised one way system database which allows for real time auditing.
  2. Why doesn’t a normal database bring the same provenance?
    A centralised two-way database (info in / info out) system in near impossible to trust, primarily due to human error or unethical behavior.
  3. Why is digital provenance such a great benefit to many businesses?
    Digital provenance offers the process of auditing in real time!
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#3487

  1. The blockchain enables digital provenance by being first and foremost decentralized meaning no person or authority can change or manipulate it and the fact that it is transparent and opaque and it’s blocks and transactions need to be verified by the global network of ledgers makes the user more likely to trust the system.

  2. A normal database cannot bring the same provenance since it is not transparent and traceable by the users. It can be manipulated by the person/authority owning it without the user even knowing it, which plants trust issues in the customers’ minds. It is also more vulnerable to attacks since it is centralized meaning it is on a single server, not like a decentralized database where everything needs to be verified by the global network of ledgers before being added to the blockchain.

  3. Blockchain eliminates the need of trust, but at the same time it implies TRUST through VERIFICATION which gives the users a safe feeling. It delivers provenance, that is 100% true and traceable, verified by the global network, it cannot be manipulated or erased, it is like the heavy hand of the law and it can greatly greatly improve the quality of products and services by verifying that the customer really gets what he pays for, no exceptions.

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#3488
  1. data on a ledger in real time that can be traced but not changed (immutability)
  2. controlled by a central authority, can be altered and time delay
  3. no trust needed, just verification
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#3489
  1. How does blockchain enable digital provenance?
    Blockchain enables digital provenance through its ability to be a digital stone where data can only be added, not removed. As a distributed, public ledger, blockchains are able to verify and trace any and all variables in the ledger.
  2. Why doesn’t a normal database bring the same provenance?
    A normal database is under the influence of centralization and mutability. This lack of transparency and necessity for trust cannot ensure value.
  3. Why is digital provenance such a great benefit to many businesses?
    Digital provenance is a great benefit to many businesses because it can enable trust-less supply chains. This will improve efficiency as real-time audits and verification of materials ensure optimization of economies.
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#3490
  1. by creating a trust-less system that stores all transactions on a database that can add information but can’t remove it. this way you can look at the data and see where every item/coin/ingredient came from and when it happened.
  2. in a normal database there is a central authority that has the power to remove information so you can not rely purely on the math, you are unable to verify everything like you can on the blockchain.
  3. it is a huge benefit because with digital provenance businesses can be certain where their ingredients or materials came from, how long they were there; they don’t have to put their trust in anybody in the supply chain, they just have to look at the math and they will know the origin of their supplies
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