1.) The Mempool is all unconfirmed transactions in the node(s.)
2.) If the miners can’t keep up with the new transaction(s) then the Mempool can become back logged and transaction time will increase, especially for those transactions with lower transaction fees.
3.) Yes, a growing Mempool would probably push up the fees per transaction due to the miners picking and choosing the transactions with the highest fees in the Mempool to add to the next block.