What is the mempool?
The mempool consists of unconfirmed transactions.
What happens if the miners can’t keep up with the rate of the new transaction?
The mempool grows as a result.
How does a growing mempool effect transaction fees?
As the mempool grows, the transactions with the highest fees are prioritized by miners who collect the fees (as profit) in return. Transactions with lower fees will take longer to get entered into a block for confirmation. The process creates a competition for those who are willing to pay more in fees to have their transaction confirmed faster.