- What is the mempool?
A mempool is a data structure that each node has and each node has a list of unconfirmed transactions which makes sense to that node.
- What happens if the miners can’t keep up with the rate of the new transaction?
There will be a backlog of unconfirmed transactions because the miners will look for the transactions that have the highest fees per TX and create the block using them first with miners being incentivized to make money by receiving the fees, this results in the fees going up for new transactions being broadcast into the mempool.
- How does a growing mempool effect transaction fees?
Miners are incentivized to mine blocks by receiving the fees and charge satoshis per byte. The larger the transaction the more bytes are required making it more expensive. Each block has a limited size and miners care about satoshis per byte so the higher the transaction fee the quicker the transaction will be added to the block.