1. What is the mempool?
A mempool is a list of unconfirmed transactions in each node.
2. What happens if the miners can’t keep up with the rate of the new transaction?
The mempool grows larger and the transaction confirmation times increase depending on the transaction fees offered.
3. How does a growing mempool effect transaction fees?
The transaction fees offered increase to create a financial incentive for miners to select the unconfirmed transaction. The miner will typically select the highest transaction fee with the smallest byte to include in a block to maximize their payout.