1. What is the mempool?
The “mempool” is where unconfirmed transactions reside, each node has a mempool of its own. Meaning that there might be slightly different transactions in them due to the time it takes to propagate a transaction to each node on the network.
When a miner finds a new block, the miner then chooses transactions out of the mempool to put in it’s block based on the fees that have been paid for those transactions.
Then when the miner connects that block to the blockchain the transactions in them will be confirmed and leave the mempool.
2. What happens if the miners can’t keep up with the rate of the new transaction?
If the miners can’t keep up with the transactions the network will become clogged.
Meaning that people will have to pay higher fees in order to be chosen be the miners to go in a block.
If one was to choose a very low fee at such a time that transaction would reside in the mempool until the network becomes less clogged and is able to accept it into the next block. This would mean that one has a unconfirmed transaction for quite a while potentially.
3. How does a growing mempool effect transaction fees?
the effect would be that higher fees will have to be paid in order to get a transaction confirmed fast.
“More transactions in the mempool? --> Higher demand for block-space. Higher demand for block-space? --> Higher fees for block-space.”