Homework on Consensus - Questions

Blockchain and Bitcoin 101
#3896

1. What does it mean when we say that in blockchain, consensus determines the truth?
In a Blcokchain the majority of all full nodes has to confirm a new Block. Therefore all full nodes compare thier ledger with the new information. If they can agree this new information, they accept it and put it as a new block to thier existing ledger.

2. How is this different from how truth is determined in a central database?
In a central database the truth is determined by an authority and all users have to trust thier informaiton.

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#3897
  1. Itā€™s is determine by going thru multiple decision maker. No one single party can make this decision.

2.In a central database there is an authority and he/she might not be truthful and can alter the database.

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#3898
  1. What does it mean when we say that in blockchain, consensus determine the truth?

It means that all nodes must agree that something should be recorded on the blockchain in order for it to be determined as true. Each node is incentivised to tell the truth by financial rewards through mining.

  1. How is this different from how truth is determined in a central database?

A central database has a single source of verification - the person or program inputting the data. This makes them easy to falsify either during input or later on.

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#3899
  1. What does it mean when we say that in blockchain, consensus determines the truth?
    In a blockchain network, all the nodes are incentivized to tell the truth on all transactions they have to verify, so it keeps them all in check ensuring that all have to agree on what the truth is.
    It removes trust through verification by the consensus, which is achieved through financial incentive to tell the truth.

2.How is this different from how truth is determined in a central database?
In a central database, one is reliant on a single partyā€™s information, essentially having to trust information that can be skewered and hacked/changed. It would be difficult for a supply chain/network to access information on inventories/ingredients for manufactured goods at any point of the supply chain. In contrast, a blockchain consensus verifies all ingredients/logistic/inventories for all parties involved in the supply network. Since it is a public ledger, all on the network can see all the transactions and locations in real time. it is trustless and precise with the truth.

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#3900

  1. Truth is determined by a majority of participants agreeing (independently) on what is true according to what makes sense. They are each incentivised to be honest, so the minority of dishonest actors will be out-numbered by the majority of honest actors. This becomes the ā€œtruthā€ agreed upon by a majority of the network, and nobody can veto or change it once it has been decided. This is verifiable truth that is NOT attained through a ā€œtrustedā€ party, anyone can audit the database and see for themselves what the network decided is true.

  2. In a central database the ā€œtruthā€ is whatever the database owner claims is true. This requires trust that the database owner is not being dishonest. A central database can be modified at any time by the owner, and the owner often has no overwhelming incentive to be honestā€“but dishonesty can often be more rewarding than honesty. Thereā€™s no way to verify if the database owner added or deleted false data, we just have to trust they arenā€™t lying to us.

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#3901

  1. The meaning of consensus determine the truth in blockchain is that it removes trust and uses a network of computers to all agree that the transaction entered into the database is correct and therefore verified in a trustless way on the blockchain, a database that doesnā€™t allow anyone to remove data from.

  2. Truth in a central database is determined by the controlling group or party. Transactions can be removed and altered at any point by the controlling group in the network. It requires trust from the group in control of the central database. It is not a trustless system.

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#3902

  1. the computer nodes reach an agreement between them and validate the data transaction by a consensus because all of them incentivize to tell the truth supply a trust to the network and get a reward for their help to the network!

  2. in regular central database we are forced to believe what has been published by the central authority, manufacturers and moreā€¦ because it of course we cannot really check if they are tell us the truth the only think we can do its believe to themā€¦

someone can check if i have understand correctly the consensus? :innocent:
sorry for my bad english once again please :hugs: :rofl:

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#3903

Answers to Consensus questions:

  1. That several different parties have validated the data, before it is accepted into the blockchain.

  2. A central database can be tampered with. Hard to trust if only one party validates.

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#3904

1.) Blockchain consensus occurs when the nodes within the network all conclude that the information/transaction input from one node makes sense and is valid. Should the information not prove legitimate then it is kicked out.
2.) In the Blockchain is not a centrally controlled database but is many hardware machines programed with same language that cross check each other to confirm validity of information input. Central database has one hardware machine to process data.

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#3905

Homework on Consensus - Questions

  1. What does it mean when we say that in blockchain, consensus determine the truth?it means the ledger is being checked to see if the party trying to make a transaction has enough funds before the transaction is added to the blockchain.

  2. How is this different from how truth is determined in a central database? Truth in a central database is based off of trust. On the blockchain it can be verified.

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#3906

Ivanā€™s explanation is a somewhat vague here. He says consensus removes trust. To me consensus is a method of authenticating or validating a transaction on a blockchain without the needs to trust in a central authority.
In contrast with a transaction on a central database, a person needs to validate the transaction and so we would need to trust them.

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#3907

[quote=ā€œivan, post:1, topic:8425ā€]

  • What does it mean when we say that in blockchain, consensus determine the truth?

All cunputers must agree of verify what is true.

  • How is this different from how truth is determined in a central database?
    No one decision maker can verify, must be checked a verified by all parties.
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#3908
  1. The real motivation behind consensus is that every participant in the blockchain has to be honest and therefore are being incentivized to do so.
  2. A central database can have itā€™s information changed or omitted within a central authority - trust is therefore required.
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#3909
  • What does it mean when we say that in blockchain, consensus determine the truth?
    • It means truth is determined by agreement of the multiple parties.
  • How is this different from how truth is determined in a central database?
    • Central database does not have multiple replica of truth , and the truth can be erased anytime.
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#3910

  1. Transactions and information is only confirmed when it is agreed upon by all machine/ nodes on the decentralised network.

  2. This is again different to centralised databases which can be manipulated and can therefore produce force information as they are controlled and governed by a limited amount of people in opaque settings and structures.

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#3911
  1. Every entity in the blockchain must agree the record is correct and they are incentivized to tell the truth.
  2. The data can be changed or manipulated by anyone who has access to the database without immediate verification.
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#3912
  1. What does it mean when we say that in blockchain, consensus determine the truth?
    Consensus is a computer network check of the transaction. If the validators agreed, they confirm the ledger.
  2. How is this different from how truth is determined in a central database?
    The validators are not connected to each other and they are incentivised to tell the true. $$$$
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#3913

  1. What does it mean when we say that in blockchain, consensus determines the truth?
    It means that because there are many nodes that hold a copy of the public ledger to check whether the information is correct or not. If there is a consensus between these nodes, that outcome/consensus will be the truth.

  2. How is this different from how truth is determined in a central database?
    In a central database, the ledger or data is not compared between nodes, therefore meaning the ā€˜truthā€™ could be determined or changed by the central database without out being questioned.

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#3914

  1. When all individual parties of the network verified the transaction, you can be sure that is ok. You donā€™t have to know or trust all this entities, because the verification by the network gives you the confirmation.

  2. Manipulation can be played out all the time. Entities with access to this central database can change the data as many times as they want. Over and over again. A verified transaction on a central database couldnā€™t give any trust at allā€¦

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#3915

  1. It means that all the nodes have to reach an agreement (consensus before itĀØs stored and verified on the blockchain. This insures that it canā€™t be corrupted and therefore can be trusted by a neutral outsider.

  2. A central database relies maybe on a coupe of people( stakeholders) that can use a central database to ensure that their own policies(interests are meet, which in the end opens up for corruption or misinformation.

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