Homework on Consensus - Questions

Blockchain and Bitcoin 101
#2131

1.)
Everyone is forced to play according by the same consensus rules.
If someone tries to cheat or to tell the falsehood, then he will be rejected by the network.

2.)
The blockchain is decentralized, trustless, unchangeable, open trackable, all changes need the approval of the whole Network.

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#2132

1.All decision are checked and verified by several networks

2.In central database there is only one authority that is making decisions with block chain its an entire network

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#2133

1.an agreement of plural entities decides on “the truth”.
2.one entitie decides and does not get checked or controlled by others

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#2134

everyone involved is in agreement there for it is accepted
in a central database we are to trust without the ability to verify

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#2135

  1. Consensus is when all the computers in the network agree with each other, which is what happens every time a transaction is accepted into the blockchain.

  2. A central database doesn’t have a network of other computers that are incentivized to tell the truth and to verify it’s data.

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#2136

  1. All participants within a network of transactions can collectively agree that the truth is provable within Blockchain.

  2. A central database could falsify data unlike Blockchain.

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#2137

  1. What does it mean when we say that in blockchain, consensus determine the truth?
    It means that whether a transaction is deemed valid or not depends on whether the whole network agrees (=consensus) that the transaction is valid.

  2. How is this different from how truth is determined in a central database?
    In a central database the one managing the database decides what gets included into the database and what does not get included. In a way the manager of the database is like God who determines what is true and what is not.

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#2138
  1. there are incentives to tell the truth. everybody will verify if somebody else is telling the truth or not. thus everybody saying the truth will lead to a conesus which must be true because otherwise people would not have verolified it in the first place.
  2. in a centralized database the instituitin in power decides what is true and what not. they verify everything. in a decentralized database everybody verifies everybody.
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#2139

Concensus is verification but requires an insensitive. Consensus can be reach in a variety of different ways and uses different protocols i.e. consensus protocols, that use different methodologies in order to reach consensus and thereby establish verification on the blockchain. For a centralized database it does not require consensus to be reached. It requires trust. This is what makes centralized databases flawed because it can be changed without confirmation, verification and depends on trust which is inherently flawed.

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#2140

1 - What does it mean when we say that in blockchain, consensus determine the truth?
Consensus determines the truth because Consensus is removing trust through financial incentives.
i.e. many many many ledgers (servers) agree and verify a transaction or simply reject it, so the consensus of these many many many ledgers (servers) determines (verifies) the truth.

2 - How is this different from how truth is determined in a central database?
The problem of the central database is that it is not based upon consensus, i.e. truth in a central database is based over a single or few persons entries, but this is not enough, there is no consensus of many many different parts at the truth determining process in the central database and this is one of the major difference of how truth is determined in a central database?

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#2141

  1. Consensus determines the truth when the network examines data and agrees that it is true

  2. In central databases truth is determined by a central party

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#2142

Ans. 1) The consensus is utilized in the block-chain network to check and verify all transactions. This is the united agreement of the majority of the decentralized parties operating within that network, coming to an agreement by collectively verifying and validating transaction data added to the block-chain. Truth is therefore not established by any individual party alone, which could be biased or slanted towards that particular party. For example, the individual party has different thought processes, vocabulary, characteristics, perceptions, and understandings. This requires a new model creation to enable truth by developing computer code of a standard that will execute the required actions on all participating computers within the network to maintain that standard - thus consensus, validation, and verification can be accomplished collectively working together as a synergistic network arriving at this desired end. (Don’t trust Validate!) by consensus)) I’m reminded of a similar practice operated within the science community when new ideas or discoveries are made. An article is written, I think that’s what it’s called, like a white paper, and presented before the science community to be “peer-reviewed” before inclusion is to be adopted or accepted as a benchmark practice.
Ans. 2) In a centralized system, although there are inputs and outputs of transaction data, additional data inclusions from all up-stream supply chain participants are not collected, recorded, verified, and secured, with completely open and transparent viewable review points for all parties, like contributing companies and even interested end-users requiring complete information feeds to make their determinations. This presents the risk of a limited supply of supportive process journey information of goods or services desired by that end-user. Therefore, end-users can be led to believe, incomplete or misinformation, through such individual company representation of biased and slated limits of information supplied. End-users require information for making informed decisions. Problems can occur when what they are actually receiving, as stated by the company, is in actual fact, misrepresented by that individual company to gain dishonest favour and influence over that market of end-users. This truth is often partial or limited, can also be crafted or twisted, or worse, a blatant lie and simply is not the truth at all. The potential for too many variables and inconsistencies can exist within this model of operation, with no clear reference points by which to gauge its validity.

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#2143

  1. In blockchain when we say consensus determines the truth we mean that the network of different nodes agrees on what is true, or not true into the ledger.

  2. This is different from how truth is determined in a central database because: it is decentralized and a decision based on the collective (decentralized) rather than one decision maker and it is trustless.

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#2144

  1. In block chain consensus determines the truth because everyone / node is coming to a general agreement on whether a transaction happened by looking in their copy of the ledger if anyone can not confirm that transaction exists or can exist then the transaction will not be confirmed. If everyone can agree that a transaction happened and funds exist then it will be confirmed and will the truth.

  2. A central database is not a trustless database. When a transaction becomes confirmed on the blockchain the transaction is “written in stone” can not be change or manipulated because other nodes will not have the same manipulated data and will reject a different copy of the ledger or one the can’t come to a consensus. In a central database all data has potential to have been change, manipulated and falsified in the past without knowledge. Truth in a central database is determined only on the central organization itself and is up to the people to trust it or not but with no proof.

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#2145
  1. Consensus determining truth means, for blockchain to work properly, there must be an agreement between multiple computers that have copies of the database and so can verify the accuracy and legitimacy of any transaction on that database. This open verification process is required for the database to build on itself and create wealth, therefore attempting to push dishonest transactions will fail because accuracy is needed for the database to function.
  2. In central databases, there is only one party that determines the truth, and therefore, there is no consensus. When a business decides to make a transaction, the executives must come to the same agreement, but the executives are acting for the same party; but with a blockchain database, other companies will be able to verify whether or not any particular party making the transaction has the funds and capability to do so. Centralized databases have the ability to get away with whatever they want, within feasibility.
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#2146
  1. What does it mean when we say that in blockchain, consensus determine the truth?

In blockchain, when a decision is made, it means several parties were involved which is important for trustlessness. Decisions and data are checked by multiple decentralised parties (nodes) to confirm a transaction. In this way it is much, much harder to lie about something because all parties must be in agreement, which is based on the facts presented in the transactional history.

  1. How is this different from how truth is determined in a central database?

This must take into account the trust of the owner of the central database, trust of those that have access to the data in the database and trust in the security implemented around the database. You are unable to remove the trust element, which means data could be changed or deleted. The truth, in this scenario is also from a single centralised point, rather that multiple points confirming the same item.

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#2147
  1. A general agreement determine the true
  2. A central database its only one database that determined the truth, and the truth can be manipulated who owns the access to it. in other words, fake news, or the owner of the database can say it never happen, its not on the database.
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#2148

  1. It means that the whole network of computers needs to agree on new information so it can be successfully added.

  2. I don’t know much about central databases, but I imagine that there is a lot less verification, and that is done by someone who is hired to do it?

#2149

  1. Consensus has multiple nodes in a network agree on whether a transaction is valid or not. This way an invalid transaction cannot be added to the ledger.

  2. Central database does not have a ledger, but rather replaces static values based on the central database or database administrator decisions. Truth verified only by 1 person vs consensus where All/Many have to agree.

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#2150

Yes, basically its run by db administrators :slight_smile:

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