Consistency - all tokens following the standard will use the exact given set of pre-defined rules and functions which is good for exchanges, wallets and other use cases can access data easier.
Some of the functions in the ERC20 Token Standard are:
balanceOf() - the number of tokens held by any given address
transfer() - send tokens from one address to another
allowance() - provides the number of tokens allowed to be transferred
approve() - allow number of tokens to be taken
transferFrom() - transfer allowed number of tokens from one address to another