1.-
A standard by definition is a set of rules.
ERC20 is a standard that defines the structure of any new token created over Ethereum platform.
Tokens that comply with the ERC20 standard can be shown immediately after created on all wallets and exchanges that support the same standard.
2.-
ERC20 specifies 6 functions.
function totalSupply() .- Allows an instance of the contract to calculate and return the total amount of the token that exists in circulation.
function balanceOf() .- The function allows a smart contract to store and return the balance of the provided address.
function approve() .- The owner of a contract uses this function to authorize to withdraw, instances of the token to the given address.
function transfer() .- This function lets the owner of the contract to send a given amount of the token to
another address just like a conventional cryptocurrency transaction.
function transferForm() .- Allows a smart contract to automate the transfer process and send a given
amount of the token on behalf of the owner.
function allowance() .- Used to set a cap on the value of transactions that can be made in the contract.
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