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This makes it easy for wallets and exchanges to support these different tokens as the wallets will know to speak to them all in the same way. It increases interoperability.
totalSupply - How many tokens are in circulation
balanceOf (address account) - used to check the balance of an address
transfer (address recipient, uint amount) - used to transfer tokens to another address
allowance (address owner, address spender) - This was not directly discussed in the video but I believe it is the amount of tokens that are allowed to be transferred from one address to another