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Having a standard makes life for exchnages easier because all ERC20 coins are written the same way so that exchanges dont have to write a whole new different structure everytime they add a coin, also it is easier for new coders because the structures will feel very familiar very fast, making us feel more confident while writting code, and thus attracting new coders everyday, because is a good enviroment, also transactions between coins is faster since they all have the same structure, so it has maaany advantages, it makes things simpler, cheaper and faster, compared to coins with different strcutures.
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The functions are
balanceOf() : the balance of the requested address.
transfer() : function that sends tokenz from the msg.sender to another address
transferFrom() & approve() : Tthey work together, approve gives another address(usually a contract) the approval for using its do tokens, and then after the contract received the approval it can extract do tokens by using transferFrom(), the amount of do tokens that a contract can use is set with the function allowance().