Beam Unique Features - Reading Assignment

Privacy Coins - Ultimate Course
#102

" BEAM also supports the traditional timelock feature, but includes the ability to also specify an upper time limit, after which the transaction can no longer be included in a block [13]. This feature means that a party can be sure that if a transaction is not included in a block on the main blockchain after a certain time, it will never appear."

A fee refund model for these types of transactions is used to incentivise users.

BEAM has implemented a Secure Bulletin Board System (SBBS) that is run on BEAM full-nodes to allow for asynchronous negotiation of transactions

BEAM solves this problem by using a process it calls kernel fusion , whereby a kernel can include a reference to another kernel so that it is only valid if both kernels are present in the transaction. In this way, the payee can build their half of the transaction with a secret blinding factor and a kernel that compensates for their blinding factor, which must be included when the payer completes the transaction

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#103

Link does not work. Copied the answer from other students and kept them to have them as a reference.

#104

Hey, sorry about that. I’ve updated the link :slight_smile:

#105

1.) Ability to specify an upper time limit
2.) The transactions benefit from a fee refund model
3.) SBBS, Secure Bulletin Board System
and also one sided transactions → payee can construct their half of the trx and send it to sender
4.) With Kernel Fusion. Kernel can include reference to another kernel

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#106

  1. Grin’s initial timelock implementation prevents a transaction from being added before a set time. Beam’s extension puts a maximum allotment on when the transaction can be added, so that if it is not implemented before a set time, it can never be added to a block.

  2. BEAM proposes to include a fee refund model for these types of transactions.

  3. By adding Secure Bulletin Board Systems on full-nodes.

  4. A payee could create their half of a transaction using a kernel that compensates for their blinding factor, and which the payer must include in their half of the transaction, using a process called kernel fusion.

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#107
  1. It also enables to specify an upper time limit on the time lock giving it an expiration date before being included in a block
  2. By refunding the tx fee of the system to make tx´s
  3. By implementing SBBS “secure bulletin board system” running on the BEAM full nodes
  4. Using Kernel Fusion on witch both kernels need to be present in the tx to allow it
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#108

• GRIN uses a timelock. What additional functionality does BEAM add to this timelock?

BEAM also supports the traditional timelock feature, but includes the ability to also specify an upper time limit, after which the transaction can no longer be included in a block

• BEAM proposes to improve scalability by letting users recycle transaction kernels. How will they encourage users to use this feature?

It will include a fee refund model for the transactions that uses the functionality of recycling transaction kernels.

• In a GRIN transaction, both parties must be online at the same time. How does BEAM allow this to be done asynchronously?

By implementing a Secure Bulletin Board System (SBBS) that is run on BEAM full-nodes, hence allowing for asynchronous negotiation of transactions

• How does BEAM plan to support one-sided transactions?

By using a process it calls kernel fusion, whereby a kernel can include a reference to another kernel so that it is only valid if both kernels are present in the transaction. In this way, the payee can build their half of the transaction with a secret blinding factor and a kernel that compensates for their blinding factor, which must be included when the payer completes the transaction

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#109

  1. Beam adds the upper time limit feature

  2. They encourage recycling by refunding TX fees

  3. SBBS that run on beam nodes

  4. Kernel fusion. a kernel can reference another kernel to complete the transaction.

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#110

  1. BEAM supports setting an explicit incubation period on a UTXO, which limits its ability to be spent to a specific number of blocks after its creation. BEAM also supports the traditional timelock feature, but includes the ability to also specify an upper time limit, after which the transaction can no longer be included in a block.

  2. In order to consume the existing kernels without compromising the transaction irreversibility principle, BEAM proposes that a multiplier be applied to an old kernel by the same user who has visibility of the old kernel, and that this be used in a new transaction. In order to incentivize transactions to be built in this way, BEAM includes a fee refund model for these types of transactions.

  3. BEAM has implemented a Secure Bulletin Board System (SBBS) that is run on BEAM full-nodes to allow for asynchronous negotiation of transactions.

  4. BEAM solves/supports one-sided transactions process by kernel fusion , whereby a kernel can include a reference to another kernel so that it is only valid if both kernels are present in the transaction. In this way, the payee can build their half of the transaction with a secret blinding factor and a kernel that compensates for their blinding factor, which must be included when the payer completes the transaction.

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#111

  1. It includes the ability to also specify an upper time limit, after which the transaction can no longer be included in a block.

  2. BEAM proposes that a multiplier be applied to an old kernel by the same user who has visibility of the old kernel, and that this be used in a new transaction. In order to incentivize transactions to be built in this way, BEAM includes a fee refund model for these types of transactions.

  3. BEAM has implemented a Secure Bulletin Board System (SBBS) that is run on BEAM full-nodes to allow for asynchronous negotiation of transactions.

  4. The payee in a transaction who expects to be paid a certain amount can construct their half of the transaction and send this half-constructed transaction to the payer. The payer can then finish constructing the transaction and publish it to the blockchain.

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#112
  1. The ability to also specify an upper time limit, after which transaction can no longer be included in the block.
  2. BEAM included fee refund model for this types of transactions.
  3. BEAM has implemented Secure Board Bulletin System (SBBS) that is run on BEAM full-nodes to allow asynchronous negotiation of transactions. With SBBS client wallets can exchange messages even if they are currently offline by store-and-forward Beam nodes. The system is cryptographically secure with public key cryptography, encrypted over state-of-the-art elliptic curve cryptography (ECC). It leverages the existing public key infrastructure of Beam to implement a bulletin board system, relayed by Beam’s nodes and received by client wallets. This will usher in messaging in crypto with the same privacy, security, and decentralization, as expected from the highest standards of cryptography, and with no central point of failure.
  4. By using process called kernel fusion, whereby the kernel can include reference to another kernel so that it is only valid if both kernels are present in the transaction. The payee can build their half of the transaction with a secret blinding factor and kernel that compensates for their blinding factor, which must be included when the player completes the the transaction.
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#113

1)it also provides the ability to specify an upper time limit after which the transaction can no longer be included in the block.
2)they include a fee refund model for these types of transactions
3)BEAM has implemented a Secure Bulletin Board System (SBBS) that is run on BEAM full-nodes
4)Through a process called Kernal Fusion

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#114

  1. BEAM includes the ability to also specify an upper time limit, after which the transaction can no longer be included in a block.

  2. BEAM includes a fee refund model to incentivize.

  3. BEAM has implemented a Secure Bulletin Board System (SBBS) that is run on BEAM full-nodes to allow for asynchronous negotiation of transactions.

  4. BEAM plans to support one-sided transactions where the payee in a transaction who expects to be paid a certain amount can construct their half of the transaction and send this half constructed transaction to the payer; The payer can then finish constructing the transaction and publish it to the blockchain. This is done without revealing blinding factor to the counterparty, by using kernel fusion.

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#115

  1. The ability to also specify an upper time limit, after which the transaction can no longer be included in a block.

  2. By including a fee refund model.

  3. BEAM has implemented a Secure Bulletin Board System that is run on BEAM full nodes to allow for asynchronous negotiation of transactions.

  4. By using a process called kernel fusion. The payee can build their half of the transaction with a secret blinding factor, which must be included with the payer to complete the transaction.

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#116

1.) BEAM adds to the functionality of a timelock by supporting the setup of an explicit incubation period on a UTXO (traditional timelocks prevent transactions from being added to a block before a certain time). Furthermore, BEAM provides the ability to specify an upper time limit, after which a transaction can no longer be included in a block.
2.) BEAM will encourage users to use the recyclable kernel transaction feature by included a fee refund model. The reuse of these transaction kernels helps to validate subsequent transactions.
3.) In contrast to GRIN, BEAM allows parties to connect asynchronously by implementing a communication channel called the Secure Bulletin Board System (SBBS); BEAM’s full-nodes run the negotiation of transactions specifically through this channel.
4.) BEAM plans to support one-sided transactions by using the kernel fusion process. In this process , a kernel can include a reference to another so that a one-sided transaction is only valid if both are present. Payee’s are able to build their half of the transaction with a secret blinding factor and have a kernel that compensates for their blinding factor (this must be included when a payer completes the transaction).

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#117

:one: GRIN uses a time-lock. What additional functionality does BEAM add to this timelock?

Beam extends on Grin’s time-lock by being able to specify and upper time limit on the time-lock. After this time time is up, the transaction can no longer be included in the block, meaning that if a transaction isn’t included in a block on the blockchain after that period of time, it will never be on the blockchain.

:two: BEAM proposes to improve scalability by letting users recycle transaction kernels. How will they encourage users to use this feature?

There is a fee model set in place to incentivise users to recycle transaction kernels. The fee is structured as a multiplier.

:three: In a GRIN transaction, both parties must be online at the same time. How does BEAM allow this to be done asynchronously?

Beam implements the Secure Bulletin Board System (SBBS), which runs on Beam full-nodes.
The SBBS allows the other party to handle their part of the transaction in their own time, and don’t have to be online 24/7 for the transaction to succeed.

:four: How does BEAM plan to support one-sided transactions?

Beam supports one-sided transaction through the kernel infusion implementation, where a kernel can reference another kernel such that it’s only valid if both kernels are present in the transaction.

Doing this means that thee payee can build their half of the transaction with a secret blinding factor and a kernel that compensates for their blinding factor. This must then be included when the payer completes the transaction.

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#118

  1. GRIN uses a timelock. What additional functionality does BEAM add to this timelock? : BEAM supports the traditional timelock feature, but includes the ability to also specify an upper time limit, after which the transaction can no longer be included in a block. This feature means that a party can be sure that if a transaction is not included in a block on the main blockchain after a certain time, it will never appear.

  2. BEAM proposes to improve scalability by letting users recycle transaction kernels. How will they encourage users to use this feature ? : BEAM has proposed a scheme to reuse these transaction kernels to validate subsequent transactions. In order to consume the existing kernels without compromising the transaction irreversibility principle, BEAM proposes that a multiplier be applied to an old kernel by the same user who has visibility of the old kernel, and that this be used in a new transaction. In order to incentivize transactions to be built in this way, BEAM includes a fee refund model for these types of transactions.

  3. In a GRIN transaction, both parties must be online at the same time. How does BEAM allow this to be done asynchronously ? : BEAM has implemented a Secure Bulletin Board System (SBBS) that is run on BEAM full-nodes to allow for asynchronous negotiation of transactions.

  4. How does BEAM plan to support one-sided transactions? : In addition to the secure BBS communication channel, BEAM also plans to support one-sided transactions where the payee in a transaction who expects to be paid a certain amount can construct their half of the transaction and send this half-constructed transaction to the payer. The payer can then finish constructing the transaction and publish it to the blockchain.

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#119

  1. GRIN uses a timelock. What additional functionality does BEAM add to this timelock?
    BEAM includes the ability to also specify an upper time limit, after which the transaction can no longer be included in a block.

  2. BEAM proposes to improve scalability by letting users recycle transaction kernels. How will they encourage users to use this feature?
    By including a fee refund model for these types of transactions.

  3. In a GRIN transaction,\both parties must be online at the same time. How does BEAM allow this to be done asynchronously?
    Implementing a Secure Bulletin Board System (SBBS) that is run on BEAM full-nodes.

  4. How does BEAM plan to support one-sided transactions?
    Using a process it calls kernel fusion, whereby a kernel can include a reference to another kernel so that it is only valid if both kernels are present in the transaction.

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#120

  1. GRIN uses a timelock feature to prevent transaction outputs from being spent until a certain point in time has passed. This can be used to enforce a waiting period before a transaction can be completed, or to ensure that transactions are only included in blocks at specific times.

  2. BEAM, a cryptocurrency that is based on Grin, adds additional functionality to the timelock feature by allowing users to specify a range of possible timelock values for a transaction. This allows users to specify a minimum and maximum waiting period for a transaction, which can be useful for transactions that need to be completed within a certain time frame, but where the exact timing is not critical.

  3. To improve scalability, BEAM allows users to recycle transaction kernels (which are a part of every Grin transaction and contain information about the inputs and outputs of the transaction). Recycling transaction kernels allows multiple transactions to be created using the same kernel, which reduces the amount of data that needs to be stored on the blockchain. BEAM plans to encourage users to recycle transaction kernels by making it easy for them to do so and by providing incentives for doing so.

  4. In a Grin transaction, both parties must be online at the same time in order to complete the transaction. BEAM allows this process to be done asynchronously by allowing users to create “one-sided” transactions, where only one party needs to be online to initiate the transaction. The other party can then complete the transaction at a later time by providing the necessary information (such as the blinding factor and nonce) to finish constructing the transaction.

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#121
  1. BEAM adds the option to set an upper limit to a timelock - such that if a transaction reaches this limit, its certain it was not included in the blockchain.
  2. BEAM proposes to reuse the existing kernels (which are not removed), to validate the next transactions reusing them.
    That is done with the user who has visibility of an old kernel adding a multiplier to it so it can be used in new transacions.
    To incentivize the use of this proccess, its offered a fee refund for the transactions constructed like this.
  3. To enable transactions without requiring users to be online at the same time, BEAM implements Secure Bulletin Board System (SBBS) - a kind of communication channel that allows it asunchronously… + the half-transaction first + half-later asked in the last question adds up to reduce the friction of using BEAM.
  4. One-sided transactions (meaning each party involved in a transaction can construct their ‘part’ in different moments in time) in BEAM is expected to work via ‘kernel fusion’ - where one can reference another and only if both kernels are present in the transaction it will be considered valid. In this way, the payee can build their half of the transaction with a secret blinding factor and a kernel that compensates for their blinding factor, that must be included when the payer completes the transaction.
    (this last phrase was basically copy pasting because I can’t paraphrase/explain in a better way not prone to error since I’m not deeply aware of this kernel fusion idea).
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