How does a backend application normally store information?
In a database.
Name a few things backend developers need to do.
Write the server-side code. Deploy their code to the internet. Make sure that the server-side code is secure.
What is a technology stack?
A set of technologies/programs in a given area.
Name a popular backend stack.
Linux
Apache
MySQL
PHP
Why is NodeJS convenient for front-end developers who want to start programming backend?
Because if they already know JavaScript, they can work with the same language when programming backend.