Aztec - Reading Assignment

Privacy Coins - Ultimate Course
#61

  1. Due to a combination of on-chain verification gas costs, slow proof construction, and a lack of interoperability between assets.

  2. AZTEC follows a UTXO model similar to that of Bitcoin. The core of any AZTEC transaction is a Note. The state of notes are managed by a Note Registry for any given asset.

  3. ACE has two primary functions; first to delegate the validation of proofs to specific validation contracts and secondly to process state update instructions inside note registries that result from the successful validated proofs.

  4. The inputs and outputs of any transactions are represented as encrypted numbers and the value hidden from public view.

  5. Combining stealth addresses and a trusted party to relay transactions achieves full anonymity. Using a trusted third party hides the payment of gas and provides full anonymity. Future updates to the protocol will allow the relay of transactions whilst obscuring the payment of gas in a decentralised manor.

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#62

  1. Traditional zero-knowledge proofs are unworkable on Ethereum because of on-chain verification gas costs, slow proof construction, and a lack of operability between assets

  2. A Note is a UTXO style transaction. The user’s balance of any Aztec asset is made up of the sum of all the valid notes their address owns in a given Note Registry

  3. The Aztec Cryptography Engine is to delegate the validation of proofs to specific validation contracts and to process state update instructions inside note registries that result from the successful validated proofs

  4. Aztec shields the inputs, outputs, and amount

  5. Aztec plans on shielding the remaining pieces of information by combining stealth addresses and a trusted party to relay transactions

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#63

1.) Why are traditional zkp systems unworkable on Ethereum?
Because of a combination of on-chain verification gas costs, slow proof construction, and a lack of interoperability between assets.

2.) What is a ‘Note’ and why is it necessary?
The core of any AZTEC txs.

3.) What are the two functions of the Aztec Cryptography Engine?
First to delegate the validation of proofs to specific validation contracts and secondly to process state update instructions inside note registries that result from the successful validated proofs.

4.) What piece(s) of information are shielded on Aztec ‘out-of-the-box’?
The inputs and outputs of any transaction.

5.) How does Aztec plan to shield the remaining pieces of information?
Future updates to the protocol will allow the relay of transactions whilst obscuring the payment of gas in a decentralised manor. At that point fully private transactions will be possible.

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#64
  1. Why are traditional zkp systems unworkable on Ethereum?

On-chain verification gas costs, slow proof construction, and a lack of interoperability between assets

  1. What is a ‘Note’ and why is it necessary?

A Note is a UTXO for Ethereum
It is necessary for the interoperability of zk assets. Each asset is made up of multiple notes in the registry and every note can be verified through zk proofs. So you can have assets of different values that are composed of different numbers of notes, and they can be liquidated and grouped together again to form other assets, or exchanged. But no matter what, all the notes that compose an asset can be validated. Otherwise, I suppose if you had nonfungible assets, you would have to have a trusted setup and proof for each one instead of one trusted setup and verification process for the underlying notes.

  1. What are the two functions of the Aztec Cryptography Engine?

Delegate the validation of proofs to specific validation contracts and process state update instructions inside note registries that result from the successful validated proofs

  1. What piece(s) of information are shielded on Aztec ‘out-of-the-box’?

the inputs and outputs (tx value), but parties involved are still public using normal eth addresses

  1. How does Aztec plan to shield the remaining pieces of information?

it is forward compatible with stealth addresses(would shield receiver), and does not require the sender to be a party in the tx, so they could use a trusted third party to send the tx (would shield sender and tx graph)

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#65
  1. There is a number of reasons for that, such as high on-chain verification gas cost due to range proofs, slow proof construction and lack of assets’ interoperability.
  2. Notes are the core of AZTEC transactions, they represent the amount of an AZTEC asset which is owned by a user on a specific Note Registry. They are basically a Bitcoin UTXOs equivalent.
  3. ACE is used to delegate proofs’ validation to specific validation contracts and to process state update instructions related to successfully validated proofs inside note registries.
  4. Transaction inputs and outputs.
  5. Full privacy could be achieved by combining stealth addresses, hidden transaction graphs and a trusted party to relay transactions.
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#66

1 This is due to a combination of on-chain verification gas costs, slow proof construction, and a lack of interoperability between assets. The lack of interoperability and inability for proof construction to run on a clients browser make these systems unsuitable for use in real world financial applications.

2 The core of any AZTEC transaction is a Note. The state of notes are managed by a Note Registry for any given asset. The user’s balance of any AZTEC asset is made up of the sum of all of the valid notes their address owns in a given Note Registry.

3 . ACE has two primary functions; first to delegate the validation of proofs to specific validation contracts and secondly to process state update instructions inside note registries that result from the successful validated proofs.

4 The inputs and outputs of any transactions.

5 Combining stealth addresses and a trusted third party to relay transactions achieves full anonymity.

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#67
  1. due to a combination of on-chain verification gas costs, slow proof construction, and a lack of interoperability between assets
  2. it’s like a Bitcoin UTXO. Represents the same level of importance as UTXOs in Bitcoin
  3. delegate the validation of proofs to specific validation contracts and to process state update instructions inside note registries that result from the successful validated proofs
  4. inputs and outputs
  5. combining stealth addresses and a trusted party to relay transactions achieves full anonymity
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#68

Why are traditional zkp systems unworkable on Ethereum?

This is due to a combination of on-chain verification gas costs, slow proof construction, and a lack of interoperability between assets. The lack of interoperability and inability for proof construction to run on a clients browser make these systems unsuitable for use in real world financial applications. One of the largest costs inside a Zero-knowledge system is the range proof. A range proof allows the prover to prove to a verifier, that a number is within a specific range.

What is a ‘Note’ and why is it necessary?

AZTEC follows a UTXO model similar to that of Bitcoin. The core of any AZTEC transaction is a Note. The state of notes are managed by a Note Registry for any given asset.

The user’s balance of any AZTEC asset is made up of the sum of all of the valid notes their address owns in a given Note Registry .

What are the two functions of the Aztec Cryptography Engine?

It allows interoperability between dApps interacting in zero knowledge.

A set of building blocks to enable privacy

What piece(s) of information are shielded on Aztec ‘out-of-the-box’?

AZTEC enables confidential transactions out of the box . The inputs and outputs of any transactions are represented as encrypted numbers and the value hidden from public view.

How does Aztec plan to shield the remaining pieces of information?

Combining stealth addresses and a trusted party to relay transactions achieves full anonymity. Using a trusted third party hides the payment of gas and provides full anonymity. Future updates to the protocol will allow the relay of transactions whilst obscuring the payment of gas in a decentralised manor. At that point fully private transactions will be possible.

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#69

  1. Why are traditional zkp systems unworkable on Ethereum?
    On-chain verification gas cost due to range proofs, slow proof construction and a lack of interoperability between assets.

  2. What is a ‘Note’ and why is it necessary?
    It is the core of Aztec Tx, which summarizes all assets in a “Note Registry”; similar UTXO model to Bitcoin.

  3. What are the two functions of the Aztec Cryptography Engine?
    a) To delegate the validation of proofs to specific validation contracts.
    b) To process state update instructions inside note registries that result from the successful validated proofs.

  4. What piece(s) of information are shielded on Aztec ‘out-of-the-box’?
    Transaction inputs and outputs are shielded.

  5. How does Aztec plan to shield the remaining pieces of information?
    They plan to use stealth addresses and a trusted 3rd party to relay transactions (hides the payment of gas and provides full anonymity)

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#70

1.Unworkable on Ethereum due to a combination of on-chain verification gas costs, slow proof construction, and a lack of interoperability between assets

  1. Notes are the sum of all of the valid notes a specific address owns. It is necessary to ensure double spendings or inputs match the outputs of a given transaction.

3.First function is to delegate the validation of proofs to specific validation contracts. Second function
in processing state update instructions inside note registries that result from the successful validated proofs

4.inputs and outputs of any transactions. Aztec also hides the transaction graphs

5.their plan per the article : “updates to the protocol will allow the relay of transactions whilst obscuring the payment of gas in a decentralized manner”

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#71

1. Why are traditional zkp systems unworkable on Ethereum?

Slow proof construction, high on-chain verification gas costs and a lack of interoperability between assets.

2. What is a ‘Note’ and why is it necessary?

It is a core of any Aztec transactions and it is necessary for enhancing interoperability between siloed pools of private capital.

3. What are the two functions of the Aztec Cryptography Engine?

  • delegate the validation of proofs to specific validation contracts
  • process state update instructions inside note registries that result from the successful validated proofs

4. What piece(s) of information are shielded on Aztec ‘out-of-the-box’?

The value of any output transactions are hidden from public view, while the input and output of transactions are represented as encrypted numbers.

5. How does Aztec plan to shield the remaining pieces of information?

Combining stealth addresses and a trusted party to relay transactions achieves full anonymity. Using a trusted third party hides the payment of gas and provides full anonymity. Future updates to the protocol will allow the relay of transactions whilst obscuring the payment of gas in a decentralised manor. At that point fully private transactions will be possible.

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#72

  1. On Ethereum the ZK proofs would consume gas and since they are expensive, it would consume most or all of gas.

  2. Note is the Core of AZTEC transactions, it represents the amount of an AZTEC asset which is owned by a user on a specific Note Registry.

  3. To delegate the validation of proofs to specific validation contracts and to process state update instructions inside note registries.

  4. Inputs and outputs of a transaction.

  5. AZTEC plans to shield the remaining pieces of information by combining stealth addresses and a trusted party to relay transactions.

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#73

Gas is also charged to the user that creates the tx, which breaks his privacy. Which is a bigger issue for a privacy centric solution than gas costs. :slight_smile:

#74
  1. Why are traditional zkp systems unworkable on Ethereum?

Traditional Zero-knowledge systems on Ethereum are unworkable due to a combination of on-chain verification gas costs, slow proof construction, and a lack of interoperability between assets.

  1. What is a ‘Note’ and why is it necessary?

The “Note” follows UTXO model similar to that of Bitcoin and it is a core of any AZTEC transaction. Notes are used to follow balances of user AZTEC assets in a given Note Reigistry and to allow interoperability between dApps interacting in zero knowledge.

  1. What are the two functions of the Aztec Cryptography Engine?

The AZTEC Cryptography Engine or ACE has two primary functions:

  • to delegate the validation of proofs to specific validation contracts
  • to process state update instructions inside note registries that result from the successful validated proofs
  1. What piece(s) of information are shielded on Aztec ‘out-of-the-box’?

AZTEC out-of-the-box confidential transactions encrypts the inputs and outputs of any transactions and hide the value from public view

  1. How does Aztec plan to shield the remaining pieces of information?

Aztec achieves full anonymity by combining stealth addresses and a trusted party to relay transactions. Future updates to the protocol will allow the relay of transactions whilst obscuring the payment of gas in a decentralized manor. At that point fully private transactions will be possible.

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#75
  1. Why are traditional zkp systems unworkable on Ethereum?

gas costs verification on-chain, slow construction of proofs, and no asset interoperability

  1. What is a ‘Note’ and why is it necessary?

a ‘Note’ is akin to a UTXO in BTC

  1. What are the two functions of the Aztec Cryptography Engine?

To process state update instructions inside note registries flowing from successfully validated proofs.

To delegate validation of proofs to specific validation contracts

  1. What piece(s) of information are shielded on Aztec ‘out-of-the-box’?

The transaction inputs and outputs are hidden from the public yet the parties of the transaction stay public.

  1. How does Aztec plan to shield the remaining pieces of information?

stealth addresses and relaying transactions by trusted parties

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#76

  1. Why are traditional zkp systems unworkable on Ethereum?
    Reasons are on-chain verification gas costs, slow proof construction, and a lack of interoperability between assets.

  2. What is a ‘Note’ and why is it necessary?
    AZTEC follows a UTXO model similar to that of Bitcoin. The core of any AZTEC transaction is a “Note”. The state of notes are managed by a “Note Registry” for any given asset.

  3. What are the two functions of the Aztec Cryptography Engine?
    The two functions of Aztec Cryptography Engine are to delegate validation proofs to the necessary validation contracts and to process update instructions inside note registries from said validated proofs.

  4. What piece(s) of information are shielded on Aztec ‘out-of-the-box’?
    Tx inputs, outputs and value

  5. How does Aztec plan to shield the remaining pieces of information?
    Full privacy could be achieved by combining stealth addresses, hidden transaction graphs and a trusted party to relay transactions.

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#77

Aztec - Reading

  1. Traditional zkp systems are unworkable on Ethereum because of the combination of on-chain verification gas cost, slow proof construction and a lack of interoperability between assets.

  2. A ‘Note’ is a transaction, it represent the amount in an asset. It is necessary because, it shows the amount of stake the user has that have to be managed in a Note registry for any giving time.

  3. The two functions of the Aztec Cryptography Engine (ACE) are:

  • to delegate the validation proofs of specific validation contracts .
  • to process state updates instructions inside notes registries that result from the successful validated proofs.

  1. Pieces of information that are shielded on Aztec out-of-the-box are:
    inputs and outputs of any transaction hidden from public view

  2. Aztec plan to shield the remaining pieces of information by:

  • anonymity - combining stealth addresses and trusted party to relay transaction
  • updating the protocol in the future that will allow the relay of transaction whilst obscuring the payment of gas in a decentralised fashion.
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#78
  1. Why are traditional zkp systems unworkable on Ethereum?
    Verification gas costs, slow proof construction, and a lack of interoperability between assets.
  2. What is a ‘Note’ and why is it necessary?
    The core of any AZTEC transaction is a Note. The state of notes are managed by a Note Registry for any given asset. The user’s balance of any AZTEC asset is made up of the sum of all of the valid notes their address owns in a given Note Registry.
  3. What are the two functions of the Aztec Cryptography Engine? It manages the states of all Aztec assets.
  4. What piece(s) of information are shielded on Aztec ‘out-of-the-box’?
    Inputs, outputs and amounts
  5. How does Aztec plan to shield the remaining pieces of information?
    Stealth addresses.
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#79

1.- Combiantion of factors: on chain verification gas cost, slow proof construction and lack of interoperability assets.
2.- There are like the btc UTXOs, basicly the CORE of Aztec tx.
3.-Delegate proof validation to specific validation contracts and, process state update instrutions inside note register that result from the successful validated proofs.
4.- It anables confidential tx out of the box. Inputs and outputs of tx as represented as encryted numbers and the value is hidden from public view.
5.- With future updates to the protocol, combination of stealth addresses, hidden tx graphs and a trust party to relay tx

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#80
  1. Why are traditional zkp systems unworkable on Ethereum?

Offchain gas costs for verification

  1. What is a ‘Note’ and why is it necessary?

Notes are how Aztec transacts

  1. What are the two functions of the Aztec Cryptography Engine?

  • Delegate validation of proofs to special validation contracts

  • It processes the state update instructions in the note registry that is from the validated proofs

  1. What piece(s) of information are shielded on Aztec ‘out-of-the-box’?

The inputs and outputs are visibly encrypted and the value is hidden.

  1. How does Aztec plan to shield the remaining pieces of information?

Relay of transactions while hiding the gas. Transactions will be truly private then

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